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La Revista Nutrición Clínica y Dietética Hospitalaria es el órgano de expresión de la Sociedad Española de Dietética y Ciencias de la Alimentación (SEDCA). Fundada en 1980, es una de las más antiguas en español en su ámbito. Se admiten artículos originales de investigación sobre alimentación, nutrición y dietética.
La publicación de originales está sujeta a revisión por pares y es de carácter GRATUITO. El acceso completo a los contenidos de la revista se puede realizar asimismo sin coste de acuerdo al sistema 'Open access'. |
Último número publicado: |
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| Nutr. clín. diet. hosp. 2019; 39(3)
domingo, 15 de diciembre de 2019 |
| Cerramos el año con el último número del volumen 39 de la revista que consta de 22 artículos científicos originales revisados en español y en portugués sobre diversos temas de índole nutricional, actualizaciones en el ámbito de la alimentación, salud pública y epidemiología fundamentalmente. |
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| Comparative analysis of abdominal obesity anthropometric indices for the diagnosis of physio-metabolic disorders |
Artículo original
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| Alaminos Torres, Ana; López Ejeda, Noemí; Rincón Mancheño, Isabel; Cabañas Armesilla, María Dolores; Marrodán Serrano, María Dolores |
indicators of abdominal obesity in order to identify physio-metabolic disorders in Spanish adults.
Method: We analyzed 3,122...
Resumen:
indicators of abdominal obesity in order to identify physio-metabolic disorders in Spanish adults.
Method: We analyzed 3,122 women and 2,103 men attending diet consultation and registered their height, weight and umbilical perimeter. Body mass index (BMI), body roundness (BRI), body shape (ABSI) and waist to height ratio (WHtR) were estimated. Blood pressure and serum levels of glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides were taken. ROC curves were applied to compare the utility of anthropometric indices in the diagnosis of physio-metabolic disorders.
Results: The BRI and the WHtR showed the largest areas under the curve (AUC) for the identification of hypertension, hyperglycemia and hypercholesterolemia in both sexes and for hypertriglyceridemia in men. The ABSI presented AUCs below the BMI for the diagnosis of all components.
Conclusions: Due to its diagnostic efficiency and ease of calculation, the waist to height ratio is the most recommended parameter in the prediction of physio-metabolic alterations. | Abstract:
indicators of abdominal obesity in order to identify physio-metabolic disorders in Spanish adults.
Method: We analyzed 3,122 women and 2,103 men attending diet consultation and registered their height, weight and umbilical perimeter. Body mass index (BMI), body roundness (BRI), body shape (ABSI) and waist to height ratio (WHtR) were estimated. Blood pressure and serum levels of glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides were taken. ROC curves were applied to compare the utility of anthropometric indices in the diagnosis of physio-metabolic disorders.
Results: The BRI and the WHtR showed the largest areas under the curve (AUC) for the identification of hypertension, hyperglycemia and hypercholesterolemia in both sexes and for hypertriglyceridemia in men. The ABSI presented AUCs below the BMI for the diagnosis of all components.
Conclusions: Due to its diagnostic efficiency and ease of calculation, the waist to height ratio is the most recommended parameter in the prediction of physio-metabolic alterations. | Palabras clave:
Body roundness index; body shape index; waist to height ratio; hypertension; hyperglycemia; hypercholesterolemia; hypertriglyceridemia. | Keywords:
Body roundness index; body shape index; waist to height ratio; hypertension; hyperglycemia; hypercholesterolemia; hypertriglyceridemia. |
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| Concentrações dietéticas de micronutrientes antioxidantes e associação com achados mamográficos |
Artículo original
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| Teixeira Cacau, Leandro; Sampaio, Helena Alves de Carvalho; Ferreira Carioca, Antônio Augusto; Porto Pinheiro, Luiz Gonzaga; Rocha, Daianne Cristina; Bezerra Nogueira, Ilana; Ferreira Mendes, Ana Luiza de Rezende |
Introdução: O câncer de mama configura-se como um problema de saúde pública, sendo responsável por grande parte dos tipos de...
Resumen:
Introdução: O câncer de mama configura-se como um problema de saúde pública, sendo responsável por grande parte dos tipos de cânceres, acometendo sobretudo as mulheres. Diversos fatores estão relacionados ao seu desenvolvimento, como uma dieta com baixo aporte em micronutrientes.
Objetivo: Avaliar a relação entre a adequação dietética de micronutrientes e os resultados das mamografias de mulheres atendidas em um serviço de mastologia.
Metodologia: Estudo transversal desenvolvido em um Serviço de Referência para Diagnóstico em Mastologia do Sistema Único de Saúde, situado na capital do estado do Ceará, no nordeste do Brasil. Os dados foram coletados entre os anos de 2016 a 2017 com 648 mulheres. Foram levantadas informações sociodemográficas, de consumo alimentar e os laudos das mamografias. O consumo alimentar foi avaliado através de dois recordatórios alimentares de 24 horas e foram avaliados de acordo com a Ingestão Dietética de Referência. As mamografias foram avaliadas de acordo com o Breast Image Reporting and Data System. As analises estatísticas foram feitas no SPPS versão 20.0 e foram considerados valores com p<0,05 como significantes.
Resultados: A idade média das participantes foi de 52,4 (9,3) anos. Maiores prevalências de inadequação foram observadas para vitaminas A, D e E e para os minerais cálcio e magnésio, em ambos os grupos. Na avaliação do consumo médio, foram encontrados diferenças estatísticas para o consumo de magnésio (p=0,008) e de fosforo (p=0,009) entre as mulheres com achados alterados e não alterados.
Discussão: Dos micronutrientes avaliados em nosso estudo, os principais que obtiveram grandes proporções de inadequação, destacam-se as vitaminas A, D e E e os minerais magnésio e cálcio, independente do grupo avaliado, corroborando com outros estudos já realizados.
Conclusão: A alta prevalência de ingestão inadequada gera preocupações, devido ao fato de tais micronutrientes serem propostos como componentes preventivos do câncer de mama. | Abstract:
Introduction: Breast cancer is a public health problem, being responsible for most cancers, affecting mainly women. Several sizes are related to its development, such as a low micronutrient diet. Objective: To obtain a relationship between dietary adequacy of micronutrients and mammogram results of women treated at a mastology service.
Methodology: Cross-sectional study conducted in a reference service for the diagnosis of mastology of the Unified Health System, located in the state capital of Ceará, in northeastern Brazil. Data were collected between 2016 and 2017 with 648 women. Sociodemographic, food consumption and mammography reports were collected. Food intake was sampled using two 24-hour dietary records and was judged according to a Reference Dietary Intake. How mammograms were evaluated according to the Breast Image Reporting and Data System. As analyzes were made in SPPS version 20.0 and were values with p <0.05 as significant.
Results: The average participation was 52.4 (9.3) years. Higher prevalence of inadequacy was observed for vitamins A, D and E and for minerals, calcium and magnesium in both groups. In the average consumption evaluation, differences were found for magnesium (p = 0.008) and phosphorus (p = 0.009) consumption between women with altered and unchanged findings.
Discussion: Of the micronutrients evaluated in our study, the main ones that obtained large proportions of inadequacy, stand out as vitamins A, D and E the magnesium and calcium minerals, regardless of the group evaluated, corroborating with other studies already performed.
Conclusion: The high prevalence of inadequate intake generates pain, while micronutrients are proposed as preventive components of breast cancer. | Palabras clave:
Micronutrientes. Dieta. Câncer de mama. BIRADS. | Keywords:
Micronutrients. Diet. Breast cancer. BIRADS. |
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| fator inflamatório dietético está diretamente relacionado aos indicadores antropométricos de obesidade em trabalhadores de uma indústria metalúrgica |
Artículo original
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| Costa dos Santos, Carine; Machado, Soraia Pinheiro; Nogueira, Valéria Cristina; Sampaio, Helena Alves de Carvalho; Farias, Bianca de Oliveira; Vieira, Lizyane Camila Oliveira |
Introdução: Considerando o papel da dieta na modulação da resposta inflamatória, o Fator Inflamatório Dietético (FID) foi proposto...
Resumen:
Introdução: Considerando o papel da dieta na modulação da resposta inflamatória, o Fator Inflamatório Dietético (FID) foi proposto para classificar o potencial inflamatório da alimentação de indivíduos.
Objetivo: Avaliar a relação do FID com indicadores antropométricos de obesidade em trabalhadores de uma indústria metalúrgica.
Metódos: Realizou-se estudo transversal com 296 homens, e foram coletados dados antropométricos e de consumo alimentar, aplicando-se dois recordatórios alimentares. Utilizou-se os indicadores Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC), Circunferência da Cintura (CC), Relação Cintura Quadril (RCQ), Relação Cintura Altura (RCA) e Percentual de Gordura Corporal (%G). O FID foi calculado pelo software IF Rating System. Foram utilizados os testes de Shapiro Wilk, Correlação de Spearman e Mann-Whitney, adotando-se nível de significância de 5%.
Resultados: O FID esteve diretamente relacionado a todos os indicadores antropométricos de obesidade: índice de massa corpórea (p = 0,0001), circunferência da cintura (p = 0,0004), relação cintura quadril (p = 0,0003), relação cintura altura (p = <0,001) e porcentagem de gordura corporal (p = <0,001). Os participantes obesos foram os que apresentaram maiores valores de FID, caracterizando a dieta como mais antiinflamatória do que a daqueles não obesos.
Discussão: Estudo realizado com homens adultos confirma a prevalência do excesso de peso neste grupo.. Uma dieta pró-inflamatória está relacionada com elevados índices de obesidade global e abdominal. Não somente as calorias, mas o potencial inflamatório da alimentação pode ser uma abordagem futura na manutenção do peso.
Conclusões: Os achados reforçam a importância de desenvolver ações de promoção de práticas alimentares mais saudáveis no grupo, com vistas a melhorar o perfil inflamatório da dieta e reduzir a obesidade no grupo estudado. | Abstract:
Introduction: Considering the role of diet in modulating the inflammatory response, the Dietary Inflammatory Factor (DIF) was proposed to classify the inflammatory potential of the individuals’ diet.
Objective: To evaluate the relationship of the DIF with anthropometric indicators of obesity in workers of a metallurgical industry.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 296 men, and anthropometric and food consumption data were collected, applying two dietary reminders. The values of Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist Circumference (WC), Waist-Hip Ratio (WHR), Waist-To-Height Ratio (WHtR) and Body Fat Percentage (% G) were used. The DIF was calculated by the IF Rating System software. We used the Shapiro Wilk, Spearman and Mann-Whitney correlation tests, adopting a significance level of 5%.
Results: The DIF was directly related to all anthropometric indicators of obesity: body mass index (p = 0.0001), waist circumference (p = 0.0004), waist hip ratio (p = 0.0003), waist to height ratio (p = <0.001) and percentage of body fat (p = <0.001). The obese participants presented the highest values of FID, characterizing the diet as more anti-inflammatory than that of non-obese individuals.
Discussion: A study conducted with adult men confirms the prevalence of overweight in this group. A pro-inflammatory diet is related to high rates of global and abdominal obesity. Not only the calories, but the inflammatory potential of feeding may be a future approach to weight maintenance
Conclusions: The findings reinforce the importance of developing actions to promote healthier dietary practices in the group, with a view to improving the inflammatory profile of the diet and reducing obesity in the group studied. | Palabras clave:
Obesidade. Inflamação. Ingestão de Alimentos. Antro pometria | Keywords:
Obesity. Inflammation. Food Intake. Anthropometry |
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| Discrepancia en el diagnóstico del estado nutricional de escolares utilizando criterios nacionales e internacionales |
Artículo original
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| Carrillo López, Pedro José; Rosa Guillamón, Andrés; García Cantó, Eliseo; Pérez Soto, Juan José |
Introducción: El estado de peso de los escolares ha alcanzado cifras mundiales alarmantes. Objetivo: el objetivo fue analizar...
Resumen:
Introducción: El estado de peso de los escolares ha alcanzado cifras mundiales alarmantes. Objetivo: el objetivo fue analizar el estado nutricional según el sexo y edad utilizando criterios nacionales e internacionales.
Métodos: Los participantes fueron 634 estudiantes (280 niños y 354 niñas). En el estudio se emplearon las tablas de crecimiento de la OMS, la IOTF y la FO.
Resultados: El análisis estadístico muestra una fuerza de concordancia muy pobre o débil entre los criterios empleados (K< 0.20). Siguiendo los criterios de la OMS existe un mayor porcentaje de escolares en obesidad (p< 0,029) y, según la IOTF en sobrepeso (p< 0,041). Atendiendo al sexo, según la FO existe un mayor porcentaje de mujeres en normopeso respecto a los varones (p< 0,003). Considerando la edad, según la IOTF en los escolares de 6 a 12 años hay un mayor porcentaje en normopeso (p< 0,002) mientras que en escolares de 13 a 15 años en sobrepeso (p< 0,035). Atendiendo a la OMS, en la edad de 6 a 12 años hay un mayor porcentaje en desnutrición (p< 0,001) y normopeso (p< 0,001), mientras que de 16 a 17 años en sobrepeso (p< 0,001) y obesidad (p< 0,001). A su vez, se obtiene un mayor porcentaje de mujeres (p< 0,046) y escolares de 16 a 17 años (p< 0,001) en sobrecarga ponderal.
Conclusiones: la elección del criterio para expresar el estado nutricional puede condicionar las conclusiones sobre el mismo. Este aspecto tiene importantes repercusiones en las estrategias de gestión clínica e intervenciones de salud pública y educativa. | Abstract:
Introduction: The weight status of schoolchildren has reached alarming worldwide figures. Objective: the objective was to analyze the nutritional status according to sex and age using national and international criteria.
Methods: The participants were 634 students (280 boys and 354 girls). The study used the WHO growth charts, the IOTF and the FO.
Results: The statistical analysis shows a very poor or weak force of agreement between the criteria used (K <0.20). Following the WHO criteria there is a higher percentage of schoolchildren in obesity (p <0.029) and, according to the IOTF in overweight (p <0.041). According to sex, according to the FO there is a higher percentage of women in normal weight compared to men (p <0.003). Considering age, according to the IOTF in schoolchildren aged 6 to 12 years there is a higher percentage in normal weight (p <0.002) while in schoolchildren aged 13 to 15 years in overweight (p <0.035). According to the WHO, in the age of 6 to 12 years there is a higher percentage in malnutrition (p <0.001) and normal weight (p <0.001), while from 16 to 17 years in overweight (p <0.001) and obesity (p <0.001). In turn, a higher percentage of women (p <0.046) and schoolchildren aged 16 to 17 years (p <0.001) in weight overload is obtained.
Conclusions: the choice of criteria to express the nutritional status can condition the conclusions on it. This aspect has important repercussions on clinical management strategies and public and educational health interventions | Palabras clave:
Adolescentes; niños; obesidad; prevalencia. | Keywords:
Adolescents; Child; Obesity; Prevalence. |
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| Cambios generacionales en las pautas de consumo alimentario de los alumnos universitarios. Universidad de Alicante, 2003-2018 |
Artículo original
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| Català Oltra, Lluís; Tormo-Santamaria, Maria |
Introducción: tras décadas de progresiva transformación de los patrones de consumo alimentario y de estética corporal, el período...
Resumen:
Introducción: tras décadas de progresiva transformación de los patrones de consumo alimentario y de estética corporal, el período postcrisis puede haber alterado ese proceso. Uno de los segmentos poblacionales que puede estar más afectado por esas transformaciones es el alumnado universitario.
Objetivos:
• Determinar las pautas de consumo alimentario y preparación de alimentos.
• Conocer prácticas dietéticas de los alumnos de la Universidad de Alicante (UA).
• Establecer las diferencias en función del sexo.
• Comparar los resultados de la encuesta de 2018 con una de 2003.
Métodos: se trata de un estudio descriptivo longitudinal, cuya estrategia de investigación es la encuesta. El tipo de muestreo es por cuotas (sexo y rama de estudios). La unidad de análisis son alumnos de grado y máster de la UA matriculados durante el curso 2017/2018 (en 2003 eran alumnos de 1º y 2º ciclos de la UA matriculados durante el curso 2002/2003). Universo poblacional: 23.827 alumnos (en 2003 eran 28.483). Tamaño de la muestra: 402 (en 2003 eran 375).
Resultados: el 20,7% consume fruta en almuerzo/merienda (frente a 6,3% en 2003); el 45,2% acude habitualmente a restaurantes de comida rápida (52% en 2003).
Conclusiones: se ha constatado el avance de hábitos alimentarios más saludables en 2018. | Abstract:
Introduction: The post-crisis period may have had an impact on the eating habits and body image of university students, after decades of progressive transformation in food consumption and patterns in Western countries.
Objectives:
• To compare the difference in the results of two surveys (2018 and 2003) in terms of:
• Food consumption patterns and meal preparation.
• Dietary practices.
• Differences according to sex.
Methods: This descriptive study used a survey and quota sampling (by sex and field of study). The units of analysis are the University of Alicante’s bachelor’s and master’s degree students enrolled during the 2017/2018 school year (in 2003 these were students of the first and second cycles enrolled in the school year 2002/2003). Universe: 23,827 students in 2017 (28,483 in 2003). Sample size: 402 in 2017 and 375 in 2003.
Results: 20.7% of students in 2018 consumed fruit during breaks (compared to 6.3% in 2003), 45.2% usually eat at fast food restaurants (compared to 52% in 2003).
Conclusions: Students in 2018 showed of healthier eating habits. | Palabras clave:
Hábitos alimentarios. Dieta. Comida rápida. Estudiantes universitarios. | Keywords:
Eating habits. Diet. Fast food. University students. |
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| Características socioeconómicas e ingesta de frutas / verduras entre los niños escolares en el oasis de Tafilalet, en el sureste de Marruecos. |
Artículo original
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| Azekour, Karima; Bidi, Amina; El Bouhali, Bachir |
Introduction: Fruits and vegetable were globally promoted as healthy food. It was proved that high consumption of fruit and vegetable...
Resumen:
Introduction: Fruits and vegetable were globally promoted as healthy food. It was proved that high consumption of fruit and vegetable reduced the risk of noncommunicable diseases, especially cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, obesity and cancer. The purpose of this study was to describe fruit and vegetable intake and its relation with socioeconomic status in Moroccan school aged children
Methods: Data were collected by a cross-sectional study of a sample of children from primary government schools in southeastern Morocco. A 24 hours dietary recall of the children’s food intake questionnaire was realized.
Results: Results showed a strong association between fruit and vegetable and tested variables. Higher fruit and vegetable intakes were associated with lower level of education of mothers. Concerning monthly family income category, no significant correlation was detected. Mean vegetables consumption were related significantly with Household location, Ethnicity and age groups (p=0.000, p=0.000 and p=0.001 respectively).
Conclusion: Socioeconomic inequalities influence fruit and vegetable intakes. Consequently, socioeconomic status must be considered in promoting health and improving diet. | Abstract:
Introduction: Fruits and vegetable were globally promoted as healthy food. It was proved that high consumption of fruit and vegetable reduced the risk of noncommunicable diseases, especially cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, obesity and cancer. The purpose of this study was to describe fruit and vegetable intake and its relation with socioeconomic status in Moroccan school aged children
Methods: Data were collected by a cross-sectional study of a sample of children from primary government schools in southeastern Morocco. A 24 hours dietary recall of the children’s food intake questionnaire was realized.
Results: Results showed a strong association between fruit and vegetable and tested variables. Higher fruit and vegetable intakes were associated with lower level of education of mothers. Concerning monthly family income category, no significant correlation was detected. Mean vegetables consumption were related significantly with Household location, Ethnicity and age groups (p=0.000, p=0.000 and p=0.001 respectively).
Conclusion: Socioeconomic inequalities influence fruit and vegetable intakes. Consequently, socioeconomic status must be considered in promoting health and improving diet. | Keywords:
Fruit, Vegetable, Socioeconomic status, Children, Morocco. |
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| Marcadores de consumo alimentar e estado nutricional de escolares no Nordeste do Brasil |
Artículo original
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| Silva, Aline Fernandes da Cunha; Santos, Júlia Liege de Andrade; Cavalcanti, Rafaella de Andrade Silva; Aguiar, Nancy de Araújo |
Introdução: O crescente aumento no número de casos de sobrepeso e obesidade em crianças brasileiras é considerado um dos maiores...
Resumen:
Introdução: O crescente aumento no número de casos de sobrepeso e obesidade em crianças brasileiras é considerado um dos maiores problemas de saúde pública. A obesidade é classificada como uma doença crônica não transmissível multifatorial, podendo ser adquirida por questões econômicas, sociais e culturais, não apenas por escolhas individuais.
Objetivo: Avaliar marcadores de consumo alimentar e o estado nutricional de escolares no município de Paulista, Nordeste do Brasil.
Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo de caráter descritivo, com abordagem transversal realizado com 1.000 escolares com idade entre 5 e 10 anos do município de Paulista, Nordeste do Brasil.
Resultados: A pesquisa foi realizada mediante a consulta de dados secundários disponíveis no Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional, coletados pela equipe do Programa Crescer Saudável, que consiste na avaliação de consumo alimentar e antropométrico que inclui peso e estatura, para posterior cálculo do índice de massa corporal e utilização das curvas de crescimento infantil da Organização Mundial de Saúde.
Conclusão: O consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados em escolares do município de Paulista foi elevado e o excesso de peso foi superior ao baixo peso, com isso sugerimos a implantação de atividades de educação nutricional nas escolas, incentivando crianças e pais a adotarem um estilo de vida mais saudável. | Abstract:
Introduction: The increasing increase in the number of cases of overweight and obesity in Brazilian children is considered one of the major public health problems. Obesity is classified as a multifactor noncommunicable chronic disease, and can be acquired for economic, social, and cultural reasons, not just for individual choices.
Objective:To evaluate food consumption markers and the nutritional status of schoolchildren in the city of Paulista, Northeast Brazil.
Methodology: This is a descriptive study, with a cross-sectional approach carried out with 1,000 schoolchildren between 5 and 10 years of age in the city of Paulista, Northeastern Brazil.
Results: The research was carried out by consulting secondary data available in the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System, collected by the Healthy Growing Program team, which consists of the evaluation of food and anthropometric consumption that includes weight and height, for later calculation of the index of body mass and use of the World Health Organization’s child growth curves.
Conclusion: The consumption of ultraprocessed foods in schoolchildren from the city of Paulista was high and the excess weight was higher than the low weight, suggesting the implementation of nutritional education activities in schools, encouraging children and parents to adopt a healthier lifestyle. | Palabras clave:
Alimentação infantil, avaliação nutricional, morbidades, saúde pública. | Keywords:
Infantfeeding, nutritionalevaluation, morbidities, public health. |
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| Uso terapeutico de la dieta en pacientes con síndrome de Melas |
Artículo original
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| González Lara, Sheila; Díaz Hernández, Rafael |
Objetivo: Obtener información con el fin de analizar la posibilidad de usar dietas determinadas y el uso de nutrientes específicos...
Resumen:
Objetivo: Obtener información con el fin de analizar la posibilidad de usar dietas determinadas y el uso de nutrientes específicos como complemento del tratamiento de la enfermedad mitocondrial denominada “Síndrome de encefalomiopatía mitocondrial, acidosis láctica con episodios cerebro-vascular semejantes a apoplejía” (síndrome de MELAS).
Método: Se ha llevado a cabo una revisión bibliográfica sobre las enfermedades mitocondriales, y en concreto acerca del Síndrome de MELAS. Los artículos seleccionados son posteriores a 2009, con un máximo de 10 años de antigüedad. Dichos textos ofrecen datos obtenidos a partir de estudios correlacionales, experimentales, descriptivos y analíticos.
Resultados: Se han valorado positivamente las recomendaciones generales para el abordaje del síndrome de MELAS por La Asociación de Enfermos de Patologías Mitocondriales. El análisis de la literatura científica consultada permite señalar que el abordaje nutricional consistente el uso de una Dieta cetogénica, así como, el uso de cantidades concretas de CoenzimaQ10, Magnesio, Ácido lipoico, Vitamina B1 y L-Arginina pueden contribuir a reducir y aliviar ciertos síntomas del paciente con Síndrome de MELAS.
Discusión: La disfunción mitocondrial afecta sobre todo a la fisiología del sistema nervioso y sistema muscular. El síndrome de MELAS es una de las patologías de origen mitocondrial más estudiadas y datada. Dicho síndrome se caracteriza porque en las primeras etapas de la vida, el desarrollo del niño es normal, pero entre los 2 y 8 años aparecen los síntomas: intolerancia al ejercicio y debilidad de los miembros, ataques epilépticos tónico-clónicos, dolor de cabeza, anorexia, vómitos, episodios tipo infarto cerebral u otros síntomas como acidosis láctica y fibras rojas rasgadas. La combinación de los tratamientos clínicos y de un abordaje nutricional específico ayudan a mejorar ciertos síntomas en el paciente con síndrome de MELAS.
Conclusión: El síndrome de MELAS implica la afectación negativa de ciertas vías metabólicas como consecuencia de la disfunción de la cadena de transporte de electrones, situada en la membrana interna de la mitocondria. La dieta cetogénica, así como la utilización de cantidades concretas de L-Arginina, Vitamina B1, Ácido lipóico, CoenzimaQ10 y Magnesio, empleadas como complemento del tratamiento farmacológico, contribuyen a la mejoría de diversos síntomas en pacientes con MELAS. | Abstract:
Objective: To obtain information in order to analyze the possible evaluation of the intake of a specific diet and the use of specific nutrients as a complement to the mitochondrial disease (MELAS).
Method: Bibliographic review on mitochondrial diseases, and specifically on “Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy syndrome, lactic acidosis with stroke- like episodes” (MELAS syndrome). The selected articles are after 2009, with a maximum of 10 years old. Such texts available data provided from correlational, experimental, descriptive and analytical studies.
Result: The general recommendations for the approach of MELAS syndrome have been positively assessed by the Association of Patients with Mitochondrial Pathologies.
The analysis of the scientific literature consulted allows us to identify approach consisting of the intake of a “Ketogenic Diet”, as well as the use of specific amounts of CoQ10, Magnesium, Lipoic acid, Vit B10 and L-Arginine can contribute to reduce and relive symptoms of the patient with MELAS syndrome.
Discussion: Mitochondrial dysfunction cause a set of symptoms that mostly affects the nervous system and muscular system. MELAS syndrome is one of the most studies mitochondrial pathologies and date. This syndrome is characterized because in the early stages of life, the baby’s development is normal, but between 2 and 8 years the symtoms appear: exercise intolerance and weakness of the limbs, tonic-clonic epileptic seizures, headache, anorexia, vomiting, episodes of cerebral infarction or other symptoms such as lactic acidosis and torn red fibers. The combination of clinical treatments and a specific nutritional approach help to improve specific symptoms in the patients with MELAS.
Conclusions: MELAS syndrome involves the negative involvement of certain metabolic pathways as a result of the dysfunction of the electron transport chain, located in the mitochondrial. The Ketogenic diet, as well as the use of specific amounts of L-Arginine, Vitamin B11, Lipoic Acid, CoenzymeQ10 and Magnesium, used as a complement to pharmacological treatment, can contribute to the improvement of various symptoms in patients with MELAS. | Palabras clave:
ADNmit; sistema OXPHOS; enfermedades mitocondriales; herencia materna; Síndrome de MELAS. | Keywords:
ADNmit; OXPHOS system; mitochondrial diseases; maternal inheritance; MELAS syndrome. |
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| Polimorfismo rs4998 del gen ADRB3 y su relación con el índice de masa corporal |
Artículo original
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| León, Francisco Javier; Pérez Forero, Viviana Lucía; Hernández Mateus, Luisa Fernanda; Herrera Celis, Javier Orlando3; Gil Zapata, Adriana María; Pico Romero, Adriana Lucía |
Introducción: Para el 2007 en Colombia se estimó que el 56% de la población adulta era obesa, condición que se considera un problema...
Resumen:
Introducción: Para el 2007 en Colombia se estimó que el 56% de la población adulta era obesa, condición que se considera un problema de salud pública con implicaciones en el desarrollo de enfermedad coronaria.
Objetivo: Determinar la distribución de las frecuencias alélicas y genotípicas y la relación del polimorfismo rs4998 del gen ADRB3 con el índice de masa corporal en una población de docentes y administrativos.
Materiales y Métodos: La extracción de ADN se llevó a cabo mediante un método comercial, para la amplificación de ADN se emplearon cebadores específicos no marcado con fluorocromos, los fragmentos obtenidos fueron purificados mediante las enzimas SAP y EXOSAP, finalmente se realizó minisecuenciación en el ABI PRISM 310 y posterior lectura de electroferogramas. El análisis de las variables sociode mográficas se realizó mediante métodos univariados y métodos bivariados empleando pruebas de significancia como: test Chi2 de Pearson y test exacto de Fisher. Modelos logísticos fueron empleados para evaluar asociación.
Resultados: Las frecuencias genotípicas encontradas fueron 0.96 GG, 0.014 CG y 0,020 CC. Las frecuencias alélicas fueron 0,027 C y 0,973 G. La muestra se encontró en equilibrio de Hardy-Weinberg con Chi2 = 81.153(1) (p = 0.000) y se calculó la estructura poblacional mediante la prueba Fst = 0,743.
Discusión: Encontrar la población en equilibrio de Hardy-Weinberg indica que los individuos se están mezclando al azar. El coeficiente de endogamia o estadístico Fst, indica que la población presenta una alta estructura o diferenciación genética y existe fijación del alelo mutado G; esto podría obtener falsas asociaciones con la patología de interés.
Conclusión: Las frecuencias obtenidas en este estudio no se ajustan a los modelos génicos propuestos para estudios de asociación; por lo tanto, se recomienda aumentar el tamaño de la muestra para futuras investigaciones o plantear estudios de casos y controles. | Abstract:
Introduction: At 2007 in Colombia it was estimated that a portion 56 % from the adult population was obese, a condition that is considered a public health problem with implications in the development of coronary heart disease.Objective: Determine the distribution of allelic and genotypic frequencies and the relation of the polymorphism rs4998 of the ADRB3 gene with the Body Mass Index in a population of teachers and administrators of an university institution in Colombia.
Methods: DNA extraction was carried out by a commercial method, for specific DNA amplification, specific primers not labeled with fluorochromes were used, fragments obtained were purified by SAP and EXOSAP enzymes, and finally minisequencing was performed in the ABI PRISM 310 and later electropherogram reading. The analysis of the sociodemographic variables was performed using univariate methods and bivariate methods using significance tests such as: Pearson’s Chi2 test and Fisher’s exact test. Logistic models were used to evaluate association.
Results: The genotype frequencies found were 0.96 GG, 0.014 CG and 0.020 CC. The allele frequencies were 0.027 C and 0.973 G. The sample was found in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium with Chi2 = 81.153 (1) (p = 0.000) and the population structure was calculated by means of the Fst test = 0.743.
Discussion: Finding the population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, indicates that individuals were mixed randomly. The coefficient of inbreeding or statistical Fst, is very close to one, which indicates that the population has a high structure or genetic differentiation and there is fixation of the mutated allele G. This could obtain false associations with the pathology of interest.
Conclusion: The frequencies obtained in this study do not fit the proposed gene models for association studies, therefore, it is recommended to increase the sample size for future researches or to propose case-control studies. | Palabras clave:
Polimorfismo genético; ADRB3; Índice de masa corporal; Obesidad. | Keywords:
Genetic Polymorphism; ADRB3; Body Mass Index; Obesity. |
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| Risco nutricional pré-operatório através da contagem total de linfócitos, níveis séricos de albumina e da ferramenta de triagem strongkids em crianças submetidas a cirurgias cardíacas |
Artículo original
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| Lima da Silva, Jéssica Cristina Guedes; Raposo Miranda, Simone; Vieira de Melo, Camila Yandara Sousa |
Introdução: A desnutrição presente em portadores de cardiopatias congênitas eleva o risco de complicações pós-operatórias. A...
Resumen:
Introdução: A desnutrição presente em portadores de cardiopatias congênitas eleva o risco de complicações pós-operatórias. A contagem de linfócitos sofrem interferência do estado nutricional e a hipoalbuminemia leva a maior risco de morbimortaliadade hospitalar. A triagem nutricional STRONGKids identifica o risco nutricional permitindo intervenção precoce e adequada.
Objetivo: Avaliar o risco nutricional de pacientes pediátricos submetidos a cirurgias cardíacas por diferentes métodos.
Métodos: Estudo longitudinal, realizado entre março e outubro de 2015 com 49 crianças e adolescentes entre 1 mês e 15 anos, internados para realização de cirurgia cardíaca. Para os dados bioquímicos consideraram-se contagem total de linfócitos e níveis séricos de albumina. Para o risco nutricional aplicou-se a ferramenta STRONGKids. Antropometria clássica (peso, estatura, prega cutânea triciptal e circunferência braquial) e diagnóstico nutricional pelos indicadores antropométricos (OMS,2005/2006) foram realizados. A análise estatística foi realizada pelo programa SPSS versão 22.0. Os resultados foram significativos quando p<0,05.
Resultados e discussão: A mediana da idade foi de 37 meses, (2 a 197 meses; IQ: 54, 3 meses), sendo 65,3% menores de 60 meses. A contagem total de linfócitos e os níveis séricos de albumina não refletiram a condição nutricional dos indivíduos avaliados. A maioria dos pacientes desnutridos (38,5%) apresentou níveis normais de albumina sérica (p=0,411), porém sabe-se que a albumina não é bom marcador do estado nutricional por baixa sensibilidade na fase aguda da desnutrição. Os pacientes desnutridos não apresentaram depleção segundo a contagem total de linfócitos (p=0,061). O escore de triagem apresentou relação positiva com a antropometria da admissão (p=0,004).
Conclusão:A não associação entre concentração de albumina e de linfócitos com o estado nutricional pela antropometria leva a crer que esses métodos bioquímicos são pouco práticos para esse fim. A triagem STRONGKids não diferenciou o risco nutricional na população avaliada. Mais estudos devem ser realizados para melhor acompanhar esse grupo populacional. | Abstract:
Introduction: Malnutrition in patients with congenital heart disease increases the risk of postoperative compli cations. The lymphocyte count is influenced by nutri tional status and hypoalbuminemia leads to a higher risk of hospital morbidity and mortality. STRONGKids nutritional screening identifies nutritional risk by allowing early and adequate intervention.
Objective: To evaluate the nutritional risk of pediatric patients submitted to cardiac surgeries by different methods.
Methods: A longitudinal study was conducted between March and October 2015 with 49 children and adolescents between 1 month and 15 years of age hospitalized for cardiac surgery. For biochemical data, total lymphocyte counts and serum albumin levels were considered. For the nutritional risk the STRONGKids tool was applied. Classical anthropometry (weight, height, triceps skinfold and brachial circumference) and nutritional diagnosis by anthropometric indicators (WHO, 2005/2006) were performed. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS software version 22.0. The results were significant when p <0.05.
Results and discussion: The median age was 37 months, (2 to 197 months, IQ: 54, 3 months), being 65.3% younger than 60 months. The total lymphocyte count and serum albumin levels did not reflect the nutritional status of the individuals evaluated. Most malnourished patients (38.5%) had normal levels of serum albumin (p = 0.411), but it is known that albumin is not a good marker of nutritional status due to low sensitivity in the acute phase of malnutrition. Malnourished patients did not present depletion according to the total lymphocyte count (p = 0.061). The screening score presented a positive relation with admission anthropometry (p = 0.004).
Conclusion: The non-association between concentration of albumin and lymphocytes with nutritional status by anthropometry leads us to believe that these biochemical methods are impractical for this purpose. The STRONGKids screening did not differentiate nutritional risk in the evaluated population. Further studies should be performed to better accompany this population group.
| Palabras clave:
Cardiopatias, pediatria, avaliação nutricional, albumina, linfócitos. | Keywords:
Cardiac disorders, pediatrics, nutritional assessment, albumin, lymphocytes. |
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| Sistema piloto de entrega de preparaciones alimentarias saludables para adultos mayores autovalentes |
Artículo original
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| Lutz, Mariane; Bastías, Rossana; Siefer, Isabel; Gaete Raúl |
Introducción: El envejecimiento de la población trae consigo nuevos desafíos en la búsqueda de formas de superar sus vulnerabilidades.
Objetivo:...
Resumen:
Introducción: El envejecimiento de la población trae consigo nuevos desafíos en la búsqueda de formas de superar sus vulnerabilidades.
Objetivo: Co-diseñar un sistema piloto de entrega de preparaciones alimentarias variadas y saludables para adultos mayores (AM) de 60 años, autovalentes, en un Centro de Salud Familiar en Valparaíso, Chile.
Metodología: Se levantó información de AM autovalentes del Centro de Salud y se seleccionaron 18 sujetos, con Consentimiento Informado firmado. Se ensayaron 46 preparaciones culinarias saludables y se estableció, conjuntamente con los AM usuarios, la identidad visual, el estilo de comunicación, según la necesidad de información, y los envases de los alimentos en maquetas reales, a través de diseño colaborativo entre investigadores y AM. Las preparaciones se entregaron dos veces por semana por 4 meses, a mediodía, evaluando su aceptabilidad y tolerancia. Al cierre del proyecto, se entregó un recetario con las preparaciones alimentarias degustadas.
Resultados y discusión: Las preparaciones alimentarias co-diseñadas fueron muy bien evaluadas. Se generó socialización entre los AM, mostrando una mejora de su situación de vulnerabilidad al participar en actividades sociales altamente valoradas. El trabajo es un piloto de diseño social, en grupo de personas con características específicas; modelo que es factible de replicar en otros contextos, conservando la característica de la co-creación con los involucrados.
Conclusión: Es posible co-diseñar sistemas de entrega de preparaciones alimentarias saludables a AM autovalentes en un contexto de co-creación participativa, con una aproximación multidisciplinaria. | Abstract:
challenges related to the search of ways to overcome vulnerabilities of the aged.
Objective: To co-design a pilot system to deliver healthy food preparations to autonomous older adults (OA) aged 60 or over, in a Family Health Center located in Valparaiso, Chile.
Methodology: Information of the OA from the Health Center was obtained and 18 subjects were selected, and signed an Informed Consent Form. 46 healthy food preparations were assayed and, along with the OA, the visual identity and communication style were established according to their information needs, and the food packaging models were co-designed between the researchers and OA. The food preparations were delivered twice a week for 4 months at lunchtime, evaluating their acceptability and tolerance. At the end of the study, the recipes were delivered to all the participants.
Results and discussion: All the co-designed food preparations were very well evaluated. Socialization among OA was generated, showing an improvement of their vulnerability by participating in highly valued social activities. This pilot study involved a specific social group, however the model can be replicated in different contexts, keeping the characteristic of a co-creation with all the individuals involved.
Conclusion: It is possible to co-design delivery systems of healthy food preparations to autonomous OA in a context of participative co-design, with a multidisciplinary approach. | Palabras clave:
Adultos mayores, preparaciones alimentarias, alimentación saludable, diseño participativo. | Keywords:
Elderly, feeding support, healthy food, participative design. |
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| Evaluación de las prácticas higiénico-sanitarias en Food Trucks. Implicaciones para la Seguridad Alimentaria |
Artículo original
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| Montero, Cristina; Celaya, Carlos; Martín, Rosario |
Introducción: La popularidad de los Food Truck es creciente en nuestro país. Los Food Trucks o vehículos de venta ambulante de...
Resumen:
Introducción: La popularidad de los Food Truck es creciente en nuestro país. Los Food Trucks o vehículos de venta ambulante de alimentos, debido a su reducido espacio, ausencia de localización permanente y gran afluencia de clientes, favorecen las contaminaciones cruzadas durante la elaboración de los alimentos y en consecuencia, podrían contribuir a la presentación de toxiinfecciones alimentarias en la población que los frecuenta.
Objetivos: El objetivo de este trabajo ha consistido en la evaluación de las prácticas higiénico-sanitarias de los manipuladores de alimentos en Food Trucks, en el contexto del sistema de Análisis de Peligros y Puntos de Control Crítico (APPCC).
Métodos: Se ha evaluado una muestra de 20 Food Trucks, mediante un estudio observacional y el diseño de un cuestionario para la recogida de datos.
Resultados: En el 95 % de los vehículos analizados, los manipuladores tocaron los alimentos directamente con las manos, y en el 60 % entraron en contacto con dinero. Respecto a la higiene y limpieza personal, no se observó ningún cambio de guantes ni lavado de manos, ni tampoco se apreció ninguna limpieza de superficies o utensilios. Respecto a la realización de prácticas de riesgo, en el 70 % de los Food Trucks se observaron alimentos que precisaban refrigeración mantenidos a temperatura ambiente, en el 65 % se apreciaron prácticas causantes de contaminación cruzada y en el 95 % se identificaron fuentes potenciales de contaminación.
Discusión: Estos resultados revelaron que existe un desconocimiento generalizado sobre las buenas prácticas higiénicas de manipulación de los trabajadores de los Food Trucks.
Conclusiones: El estudio realizado pone de manifiesto la necesidad de potenciar la formación de los trabajadores de los Food Trucks en las buenas prácticas higiénicas de manipulación de los alimentos, así como la conveniencia de una mayor vigilancia de este tipo de vehículos por parte de los organismos de control. | Abstract:
Introduction: The popularity of Food Trucks is growing in our country. Food Trucks or mobile food vending vehicles due to their reduced space, the lack of permanent location and the large influx of customers, increases the risk of cross-contamination during food preparation and as a consequence, foodborne illness may occur.
Objectives: The objective of this work was to evaluate the hygiene and health practices of the food handlers of Food Trucks, in the context of a Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP).
Methods: A 20 vehicle sample have been evaluated, through an observational study and the design of a questionnaire to collect data.Results: In 95 % of the vehicles, handlers touched food barehanded and in 60%, handlers touched money. Regarding the cleaning and personal hygiene, no glove changing nor hand washing was observed, moreover, no surface nor kitchenware cleaning was observed. Regarding the risky practices observed, in 70 % of Food Trucks food that required refrigeration temperatures was mantained at room temperature, in 65 % practices that can cause cross-contamination were observed and in 95 % potential contamination sources were observed.
Discussion: These results revealed a general lack of knowledge of the correct hygienic handling practices by the workers of Food Trucks.
Conclusions: This study highlights the need to improve the workers´ training in the correct hygienic handling practices and a better control of Food Trucks by the food safety authorities. | Palabras clave:
Food Truck, seguridad alimentaria, APPCC. | Keywords:
Food Trucks, Food Safety, HACCP. |
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| Calidad nutricional y origen de los ácidos grasos en chocolates y baños de repostería producidos en Argentina. Cumplimiento de la legislación |
Artículo original
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| Negro, Emilse; Williner, María Rosa |
Introducción: La manteca de cacao, que contiene 33% de ácido oleico, 25% de ácido palmítico y 33% de ácido esteárico, tendría...
Resumen:
Introducción: La manteca de cacao, que contiene 33% de ácido oleico, 25% de ácido palmítico y 33% de ácido esteárico, tendría efecto neutro sobre los niveles de colesterol en plasma. Los chocolates negro (CN), con leche (CL), blanco (CB) y relleno (CR) y los baños de repostería (BR) pueden contener distintas proporciones de manteca de cacao, así como grasa de leche, grasa industrial o una mezcla de ellas que incorporan ácidos grasos trans (AG-t) que, dependiendo de su origen, presentarían diferente calidad nutricional e impacto sobre la salud.
Objetivo: Evaluar el perfil de los ácidos grasos (AG), incluidos los AG-t y su origen, como así también el cumplimiento de la legislación, en chocolates y BR producidos en Argentina.
Métodos: Para analizar la composición de los AG, se utilizó un cromatógrafo gaseoso Shimadzu GC-2014, equipado con una columna capilar SP-Sil 88 de 100 m x 0,25 mm de diámetro interno (Varian, EE. UU.).
Resultados y discusión: Los CN mostraron un perfil de AG característico de la manteca de cacao. Diferente es el caso de los otros tipos de chocolate y BR, ya que se incrementaron las cantidades de AG aterogénicos (ácidos láurico y mirístico) y disminuyeron el ácido esteárico y oleico, que poseen un rol neutro y beneficioso para la salud, respectivamente. Sumado a ello, la presencia de AG-t de origen industrial en los CR y BR, disminuyeron aún más la calidad nutricional. Sin embargo, en todos los casos, cuando los AG-t superaron los 0,2 g/porción, fueron declarados en conformidad con la ley.
Conclusiones: Sólo los CN tendrían efecto neutro sobre los niveles de colesterol en plasma. En los otros chocolates y BR, la presencia de otras materias grasas, algunas con alto contenido de AG-t, disminuirían la calidad nutricional. | Abstract:
Introduction: Cocoa butter, which contains 33% oleic acid, 25% palmitic acid and 33% stearic acid, would have neutral effect on plasma cholesterol levels. Dark chocolate (DC), milk chocolate (MC), white chocolate (WC) and center filled chocolate (CFC) and confectionery baths (CB) may contain different proportions of cocoa butter as well as milk fat, industrial fat or a mixture of them which add trans fatty acids (t-FA) with a diverse impact on health depending on their source.
Objective: To evaluate the fatty acids (FA) profile, including t-FA and their origin, and legislation compliance in chocolates and CB produced in Argentina.
Methods: To analyze the FA composition, a Shimadzu GC-2014 gas chromatograph equipped with a capillary column SP-Sil 88, 100 m x 0.25 mm internal diameter (Varian, USA) was used.
Results and discussion: DC showed a FA profile characteristic of cocoa butter. Different is the case of the other types of chocolate and CB since this profile was modified by the addition of other fatty matter that increase the quantities of atherogenic FA (lauric and myristic acids) and decrease the stearic and oleic acid, which have a neutral role and beneficial to health, respectively. Added to this, the presence of t-FA of industrial origin in the CFC and CB, further reduce the nutritional quality. However, in all cases, when t-FA exceeded 0.2 g/portion, they were declared in accordance with the law.
Conclusions: Only DC would have a neutral effect on plasma cholesterol levels. In the other chocolates and BR, the presence of other fat matter, some with high t-FA content, would decrease the nutritional quality | Palabras clave:
Chocolates, baños de repostería, ácidos grasos, legislación, etiquetado nutricional | Keywords:
Chocolates, confectionery baths, fatty acids, legislation, nutrition labeling. |
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| Fuentes alimentarias de azúcar añadido: datos brasileños (EBANS) del Estudio Latinoamericano de Nutrición y Salud (ELANS) |
Artículo original
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| Previdelli, Ágatha Nogueira; Fisberg, Mauro; Mello, Aline Veroneze de; Ferrari, Gerson Luis de Moraes; Grande de França, Natasha Aparecida; Kovalskys, Irina |
Introduction: Brazil has the second highest per capita consumption of sugar in the world and added sugar (AS) contributes to...
Resumen:
Introduction: Brazil has the second highest per capita consumption of sugar in the world and added sugar (AS) contributes to 12.6% of the total energy intake.
Objective: To investigate the main food sources of AS intake in Brazilian population, according to sex, age, nutritional status, and Brazilian macro-regions.
Methods: 2,000 individuals aged 15-65 years were included in the Brazilian Nutrition and Health Study (EBANS). EBANS is part of the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health (ELANS), a multicenter cross-sectional study of a nationally representative sample of urban populations from eight Latin American countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela). Food and beverage intake, measured by 24-h dietary recall, were classified into 216 groups. The contribution of each group to AS incorporated sample weights and adjusted for clusters and strata of complex sample design.
Results: The top 10 food groups with the highest levels of AS were: soft drinks (36.0%); powdered juice mix (with sugar) (9.6%); milk (with sugar) (8.4%); coffee (with sugar) (7.2%); plain sugar (7.3%); natural juice (with sugar) (4.8%); chocolate candy (2.4%); milk, plain or not (without added sugar) (2.3%); cookies (2.2%); and whole grain cracker (1.9%). Independent of sex, age, nutritional status, or Brazilian macro-regions, the main contributor to AS consumption was soft drinks.
Conclusion: The results highlight the need for interventions focused on all Brazilian groups evaluated and the development of public health policies to reduce AS content, especially the major sources of AS (beverages processed and homemade). | Abstract:
Introduction: Brazil has the second highest per capita consumption of sugar in the world and added sugar (AS) contributes to 12.6% of the total energy intake.
Objective: To investigate the main food sources of AS intake in Brazilian population, according to sex, age, nutritional status, and Brazilian macro-regions.
Methods: 2,000 individuals aged 15-65 years were included in the Brazilian Nutrition and Health Study (EBANS). EBANS is part of the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health (ELANS), a multicenter cross-sectional study of a nationally representative sample of urban populations from eight Latin American countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela). Food and beverage intake, measured by 24-h dietary recall, were classified into 216 groups. The contribution of each group to AS incorporated sample weights and adjusted for clusters and strata of complex sample design.
Results: The top 10 food groups with the highest levels of AS were: soft drinks (36.0%); powdered juice mix (with sugar) (9.6%); milk (with sugar) (8.4%); coffee (with sugar) (7.2%); plain sugar (7.3%); natural juice (with sugar) (4.8%); chocolate candy (2.4%); milk, plain or not (without added sugar) (2.3%); cookies (2.2%); and whole grain cracker (1.9%). Independent of sex, age, nutritional status, or Brazilian macro-regions, the main contributor to AS consumption was soft drinks.
Conclusion: The results highlight the need for interventions focused on all Brazilian groups evaluated and the development of public health policies to reduce AS content, especially the major sources of AS (beverages processed and homemade). | Palabras clave:
Estudios transversales, Dieta, Brasil, Ingesta de alimentos, Azúcares, Bebidas, Refrescos. | Keywords:
Cross-sectional studies, Diet, Brazil, Food intake, Sugars, Beverages, Soft Drinks. |
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| Características antropométricas y capacidad aeróbica de los jugadores de la Selección Peruana de Fútbol sub-22, 2015 |
Artículo original
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| Robles Pino, Alexander; Parazamán Guevara, Roosvell; Pereyra Elías, Reneé |
Introducción: La capacidad aeróbica (VO2max) puede influir en el rendimiento de los deportistas. En las últimas décadas, la Selección...
Resumen:
Introducción: La capacidad aeróbica (VO2max) puede influir en el rendimiento de los deportistas. En las últimas décadas, la Selección Peruana de Fútbol ha tenido resultados irregulares en competencias internacionales. Es posible que esto se pueda ver influenciado por la capacidad aeróbica de sus jugadores.
Objetivo: Describir la capacidad aeróbica y las características antropométricas de los jugadores de la Selección Peruana de Fútbol masculino sub-22, 2015.
Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en futbolistas profesionales de la Selección Peruana sub-22, 2015. Se evaluó la capacidad aeróbica por metodología directa a través de un test maximal en trotadora. Las características antropométricas fueron evaluadas por un observador certificado por la International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK) nivel 3. Se evaluó además la correlación entre el VO2max y las variables antropométricas.
Resultados: Se evaluó a 24/25 seleccionados, mediana de edad: 20 años. La mediana del VO2max fue de 65,5 mlO2/kg/min [rango: 58,5-76,6]. La muestra tuvo una mediana de índice de masa corporal de 24,2 Kg/m2 [rango: 20,8-25,6], 47,6% de masa muscular relativa [rango: 42,9-51,5] y 25,9% de adiposidad relativa [rango: 20,5-32,7]. El VO2max se encontró correlacionado positivamente con el porcentaje de masa muscular (Rho de Spearman=0,65; p<0,001) y negativamente con el porcentaje de adiposidad (Rho de Spearman=-0,48; p=0,018).
Conclusión: La mediana de la capacidad aeróbica de los jugadores de la Selección Peruana de Fútbol masculino sub-22 2015 fue alta y se correlacionó positivamente con el porcentaje de masa muscular y negativamente con el porcentaje de adiposidad. | Abstract:
Background: Aerobic capacity (VO2max) can influence sports performance. During the last decades, the Peruvian National Football Team has achieved irregular results in international competitions. This may be influenced by the aerobic capacity of its soccer players.
Objective: To describe the aerobic capacity and anthropometric measures of the u22 Men’s National Football Team of Peru, 2015.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study in professional soccer players of the u22 Peruvian National Football Team, 2015. We evaluated their aerobic capacity through the direct measurement of the maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) using treadmill testing. Anthropometric measures were assessed by a level 3 ISAK-certified antrhopometrist (accredited by the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry). We also evaluated the correlation between the VO2max and anthropometric measures.
Results: We evaluated 24/25 soccer players from the team; the median age was 20 years. The median VO2max was 65.5 mlO2/kg/min [range: 58.5-76.6]. The sample’s median body mass index was 24.2 Kg/m2 [range: 20.8-25.6], the median relative muscle mass was 47.6% [range: 42.9-51.5] and the median relative adiposity, 25.9% [range: 20.5-32.7]. We found the VO2max to be positively correlated with the relative muscle mass (Spearman’s Rho=0.65; p<0.001) and negatively correlated with relative adiposity (Spearman’s Rho=0.48; p=0.018).
Conclusions: Median aerobic capacity of the u22 Peruvian National Football Team soccer players was high and it was positively correlated with the relative muscle mass and negatively correlated with relative adiposity. | Palabras clave:
Antropometría; capacidad cardiovascular; fútbol; Perú | Keywords:
Anthropometry; cardiorespiratory fitness; soccer; Peru. |
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| Dinamometría manual y nivel de actividad física en estudiantes universitarios de Uruapan Michoacán, México |
Artículo original
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| Rodríguez Cuadra, Rodolfo; Velasco Ramírez, Sandra Fabiola |
Introducción: La dinamometría manual (DM) es un parámetro que mide la fuerza muscular estática máxima, refleja el componente...
Resumen:
Introducción: La dinamometría manual (DM) es un parámetro que mide la fuerza muscular estática máxima, refleja el componente magro, el contenido mineral de los huesos y sirve como estimador de la condición física y el estado nutricional de un individuo1,2. La dinamometría (D) es una técnica económica, rápida, fácil de realizar y reproducir3. Se le puede emplear como indicador de salud general, predictor cardiometabólico4-6, del estado nutricional y herramienta pronóstica complementario de la calidad muscular3,7,8.
Objetivo: Determinar la relación de la fuerza de prensión (FP) y el nivel de actividad física en estudiantes de una universidad de México.
Método: Se realizó el cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física (IPAQ), medición de la fuerza de prensión de la mano diestra por triplicado, con dinamómetro de mano, así como medición de peso y talla, en universitarios de licenciatura en nutrición. La estadística descriptiva y comparativa, se efectuó con el software IBM SPSS 25.
Resultados: Se evaluaron a 172 universitarios, 44 hombres y 128 mujeres, los cuales representan el 26 % y 74% de la muestra respectivamente. En el grupo de jóvenes universitarios de sexo masculino, se observa una mayor de fuerza de prensión en contraste con el grupo de jóvenes universitarias. La frecuencia de los distintos niveles de acti vidad física fue significativamente distinta entre hombres y mujeres, observándose en las mujeres una mayor frecuencia del nivel de actividad física moderado con respecto de los hombres y una menor frecuencia del nivel de actividad física bajo.
Conclusiones: Los datos sugieren que, aun cuando el parámetro de fuerza en ambos sexos, está dentro del rango normal, en la evaluación del cuestionario internacional para la actividad física (IPAQ), más de un tercio de la población evaluada, tiene un bajo o nulo nivel de actividad física, lo cual implica en el desarrollo de complicaciones funcionales y metabólicas en edades posteriores de la vida. | Abstract:
Introduction: Manual dynamometry (DM) is a parameter that measures the maximum static muscle strength, reflects the lean component, the mineral content of the bones and serves as an estimator of the physical condition and nutritional status of an individual1,2. Dynamometry (D) is an economical, fast, easy to perform and reproduce technique3. It can be used as a general health indicator, cardiometabolic predictor4-6, nutritional status and complementary prognostic tool for muscle quality3,7,8.
Objective: to determine the relationship of the grip strength and the level of physical activity in the students of a university in Mexico.
Method: The International Physical Activity Question naire (IPAQ), the handling of the tension force of the right hand in triplicate, the hand dynamometer, as well as the measurement of weight and height, were carried out in undergraduate students. in nutrition. The descriptive and comparative statistics were performed with the SPSS 25 software.
Results: A total of 172 university students, 44 men and 128 women were evaluated, representing 26% and 74% of the sample respectively. In the group of male university students, there is a greater grip strength in contrast to the group of university students. The frequency of the different levels of physical activity was significantly different between men and women, with women having a higher frequency of moderate physical activity compared to men and a lower frequency of low physical activity level.
Conclusions: The data suggest that, although the strength parameter in both sexes is within the normal range, in the evaluation of the international questionnaire for physical activity (IPAQ), more than a third of the population evaluated has a low or No level of physical activity, which implies in the development of functional and metabolic complications in later life. | Palabras clave:
Fuerza de prensión, actividad física, estudiantes universitarios. | Keywords:
Hand strength, physical activity, university students. |
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| Tendência temporal do estado nutricional de pacientes cardiopatas: resultado de 7 anos de avaliação |
Artículo original
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| Adriana da Silva, Thaís; Silveira, Nathalia Santiago da Mota; Galvão Rodrigues, Isa; Pinho, Cláudia Porto Sabino |
Introdução: As doenças cardiovasculares representam a principal causa de mortalidade e de incapacidade em ambos os sexos, no...
Resumen:
Introdução: As doenças cardiovasculares representam a principal causa de mortalidade e de incapacidade em ambos os sexos, no Brasil e no mundo. Os distúrbios nutricionais verificados nestes pacientes podem influenciar nas taxas de morbi-mortalidade. Objetivos: Descrever o estado nutricional de pacientes cardiopatas hospitalizados e as tendências temporais observadas em 7 anos de avaliação e, secundariamente, analisar comparativamente o estado nutricional segundo a cardiopatia de base.
Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo, sendo coletados dados da admissão de pacientes cardiopatas internados em hospital universitário no Nordeste brasileiro, no período entre 2011-2017. A amostra foi constituída por pacientes de ambos os sexos com idade >18 anos. Foram consideradas variáveis demográficas (sexo, idade), clínicas (diagnóstico de admissão, comorbidades) e antropométrica (índice de massa corpórea).
Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 1785 pacientes, com mediana de idade de 60 (IQ:50-69) anos, sendo 50,6% dos pacientes coronariopatas. Verificou-se que 41,2%(IC95%: 39,0-43,6) da população apresentou excesso de peso e 15,5%(IC95%: 13,9-17,3) desnutrição. Não houve variação temporal nas prevalências de excesso de peso e desnutrição no período de 7 anos estudado (p=0,668). A prevalência de excesso de peso foi de 49,5% nos coronariopatas, sendo 29,8% nos valvopatas e 37,1% nos miocardiopatas. A desnutrição foi identificada em cerca de 20% nos miocardiopatas e valvopatas e em 11,5% dos coronariopatas (p<0,001).
Conclusões: Esses resultados demonstram manutenção do perfil nutricional nos pacientes cardiopatas ao longo dos 7 anos do estudo. A desnutrição encontrada foi superior nos miocardiopatas e valvopatas, enquanto o excesso de peso foi maior nos pacientes coronarianos. | Abstract:
Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of mortality and disability in both sexes, in Brazil and in the world. The nutritional disturbances observed in these patients may influence morbidity and mortality rates.
Objectives: To describe the nutritional status of hospitalized patients with heart disease and the temporal trends observed in 7 years of evaluation and, secondarily, to analyze the nutritional status according to baseline heart disease.
Methods: A retrospective study was carried out, and data were collected on the admission of cardiac patients hospitalized in a university hospital in the Brazilian Northeast in the period between 2011-2017. The sample consisted of patients of both genders aged> 18 years. Demographic variables (sex, age), clinical (admission diagnosis, comorbidities) and anthropometric variables (body mass index) were considered.
Results: The sample consisted of 1785 patients, with a median age of 60 (IQ: 50-69) years being 50.6% of patients with coronary artery disease. It was verified that 41.2% (IC95%: 39.0-43.6) of the population was overweight and 15.5% (95% CI: 13.9-17.3) malnutrition. There was no temporal variation in the prevalence of overweight and malnutrition in the 7-year period studied (p = 0.668). The prevalence of overweight was 49.5% in the coronary arteries, 29.8% in the valvopathies and 37.1% in the myocardiopathy. Malnutrition was identified in about 20% in myocardiopatas and valvopas and in 11.5% of coronary heart disease patients (p <0.001).
Conclusions: These results demonstrate maintenance of the nutritional profile in the patients with cardiopathy over the 7 years of the study. The malnutrition found was higher in the myocardiopatas and valvopas, while the excess weight was greater in the coronary patients. | Palabras clave:
Doenças cardiovascular, desnutrição, estado nutricional, índice de massa corporal, obesidade. | Keywords:
Cardiovascular diseases, malnutrition, nutritional status, body mass index, obesity |
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| Espessura do músculo adutor do polegar incorporada à prática clínica para diagnóstico nutricional de pacientes oncológicos em tratamento clínico |
Artículo original
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| Amancio, Naiza do Nascimento; Saldanha, Camila Armstrong; Spexoto, Maria Claudia Bernardes |
Introdução: A avalição do estado nutricional é de suma importância nos pacientes oncológicos e a espessura do músculo adutor...
Resumen:
Introdução: A avalição do estado nutricional é de suma importância nos pacientes oncológicos e a espessura do músculo adutor do polegar (EMAP) surge como um indicador antropométrico prognóstico mais simples frente a antropometria convencional para identificar precocemente a desnutrição.
Objetivo: Avaliar a relação entre a espessura do músculo adutor do polegar com as variáveis sociodemográficas, clínicas e o diagnóstico nutricional a partir da avalição subjetiva global produzida pelo paciente (ASG-PPP) e antropometria convencional de pacientes com câncer em tratamento clínico.
Métodos: Estudo transversal com pacientes oncológicos em tratamento clínico em uma clínica privada no interior do Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Foram consideradas variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas. O estado nutricional foi obtido por meio da ASG-PPP e antropometria convencional. Foi utilizado o teste T de Student ou Análise de variância. Para as associações de interesse foi utilizado o teste de qui-quadrado. Adotou-se o nível de significância de 5%.
Resultados: Participaram 110 pacientes com câncer em tratamento clínico ambulatorial, sendo em sua maioria mulheres (62,7%) com diagnóstico predominante de neoplasia de mama (30,0%) e não metastáticos (53,6%). Quando comparadas as médias de EMAP segundo as variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os grupos, sendo significativas para o índice de massa corporal e ASG-PPP. A medida de EMAP apresentou relação significativa com o sexo (p=0,030), atividade laboral (p=0,014) e com os grupos diagnósticos (p=0,037). Houve associação significativa entre o estado nutricional determinado pela EMAP com a circunferência da panturrilha (CP) e ASG-PPP.
Conclusão: Sugerimos a EMAP como uma medida alternativa na prática clínica para avaliação do estado nutricional de pacientes com câncer concomitante à antropometria convencional e a ASG-PPP, pois pareceu promissora para avaliação do compartimento muscular, que pode ser realizada de forma simples e sem necessidade de equação para determinação do diagnóstico. | Abstract:
Introduction: The assessment of nutritional status is very important in patients with cancer and the adductor pollicis muscle thickness (APMT) appears as an anthropometric prognostic indicator simpler than conventional anthropometry to identify early malnutrition.
Objective: To evaluate the relation between the adductor pollicis muscle thickness with the sociodemographic, clinical variables and the nutritional diagnosis from the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) and conventional anthropometry of patients with cancer in clinical treatment.
Methods: Cross-sectional study with 110 patients with cancer undergoing clinical treatment in a private and specialized clinic in the interior of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Was used sociodemographic and clinical variables. The nutritional status was obtain through PG-SGA and conventional anthropometry. The Student’s t-test or the Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was use. For the associations of interest, the chi-square test (χ2) was use. The level of significance was set at 5% (p <0.05).
Results: Participated 110 patients with cancer undergoing clinical outpatient treatment were the most women (62,7%) with breast neoplasm (30.0%) and non-metastatic (53.6%). When the means of APMT was compare according to sociodemographic and clinical variables, no significant differences was find between the groups, being significant for body mass index and PG-SGA. The APMT measure showed a significant relationship with gender (p=0.030), work activity (p=0.014) and with the diagnostic groups (p=0.037). There was a significant association between the nutritional status determined by APMT with calf circumference (CC) and PG-SGA.
Conclusion: We suggest the APMT as an alternative measure in clinical practice to assess the nutritional status of patients with cancer concomitant with conventional anthropometry and PG-SGA because it appear to be a promising measure for the evaluation of muscle compartment depletion, which can be perform in a simple way and without an equation to determine the nutritional diagnosis. | Palabras clave:
Neoplasias; Espessura do músculo adutor do polegar; Estado nutricional. | Keywords:
Neoplasms; Adductor pollicis muscle thickness; Nutritional status. |
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| Neoplasms; Adductor muscle thickness of the thumb; Nutritional status |
Artículo original
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| Soares Severo, Juliana; Santos, Raísa de Oliveira; Santos de Oliveira, Lúcia Castro; Nogueira Telles, Pedro Victor; Lima, Lara da Costa; Aguiar dos Santos, Armênio; Bento da Silva, Moisés Tolentino |
Physical exercise can bring benefits to the cardiovascular and gastrointestinal tract. However, little is known about the adequate...
Resumen:
Physical exercise can bring benefits to the cardiovascular and gastrointestinal tract. However, little is known about the adequate exercise intensity and how exercise responses are affects by sexual differences.
Aims: To evaluate the effect of an acute treadmill exercise session at ~ 75% of HRmáx on hemodynamic parameters and the gastric compliance of men and women.
Methods: The study included 22 men and women aged 18 to 29 years, physically active. The exercise consisted of a treadmill session at 75% of HRmáx. We monitored blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR). During the drink test, volunteers were asked to ingest 15mL of chocolate in 1min intervals, marking their satiety on a graphical scale combining verbal descriptors.
Results: There was a significant increase of hemodynamic parameters for both sexes after the exercise session (p <0.05). Exercise was also able to increase total ingested volume, time of ingestion and calories ingested (p<0.05). Concerning the drink test, no influence of the exercise session on satiety scores was observed in the groups studied (p>0.05).
Conclusions: Acute moderate exercise promoted significant increase in hemodynamic parameters and gastric compliance in subjects of both sexes. However, there was no effect on the satiety scores and the volume ingested at each score. | Abstract:
Physical exercise can bring benefits to the cardiovascular and gastrointestinal tract. However, little is known about the adequate exercise intensity and how exercise responses are affects by sexual differences.
Aims: To evaluate the effect of an acute treadmill exercise session at ~ 75% of HRmáx on hemodynamic parameters and the gastric compliance of men and women.
Methods: The study included 22 men and women aged 18 to 29 years, physically active. The exercise consisted of a treadmill session at 75% of HRmáx. We monitored blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR). During the drink test, volunteers were asked to ingest 15mL of chocolate in 1min intervals, marking their satiety on a graphical scale combining verbal descriptors.
Results: There was a significant increase of hemodynamic parameters for both sexes after the exercise session (p <0.05). Exercise was also able to increase total ingested volume, time of ingestion and calories ingested (p<0.05). Concerning the drink test, no influence of the exercise session on satiety scores was observed in the groups studied (p>0.05).
Conclusions: Acute moderate exercise promoted significant increase in hemodynamic parameters and gastric compliance in subjects of both sexes. However, there was no effect on the satiety scores and the volume ingested at each score. | Palabras clave:
Physical exercise; Hemodynamics; Gastric accommodation. | Keywords:
Physical exercise; Hemodynamics; Gastric accommodation. |
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| Relación entre el Índice Córmico y el Índice de Masa Corporal entre los 6 y 18 años |
Artículo original
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| Martín Turrero, Irene; Maroto Rodríguez, Javier; Reurer Cardona, Caterina; Vázquez, Vanesa; Lomaglio Delia, Beatriz; González Montero de Espinosa, Marisa; Marrodán Serrano, María Dolores |
Introducción: El Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) se utiliza para valorar la condición nutricional en niños y adultos, pero su principal...
Resumen:
Introducción: El Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) se utiliza para valorar la condición nutricional en niños y adultos, pero su principal limitación es que no tiene en cuenta la composición corporal ni la longitud de los segmentos corporales. El índice Córmico (IC) se utiliza para valorar la proporcionalidad y relaciona a talla sentado con la estatura.
Objetivos: Analizar la evolución del IMC y del IC con la edad y la asociación entre ambos.
Metodología: se parte de una muestra internacional de 7.688 niños y niñas entre 6 y 18 años. Se analizó la variabilidad ontogénica del IMC e IC por edad y su dimorfismo sexual así como la asociación entre condición nutricional y tamaño relativo del tronco.
Resultados: El IMC aumenta con la edad análogamente en ambos sexos. El IC disminuye hasta los 12 años, momento en el que comienza a aumentar alcanzando promedios superiores en el sexo femenino. Valores de IC elevados están relacionados con sobrepeso u obesidad, mientras valores de IC bajos lo están con insuficiencia ponderal (p<0,001).
Conclusiones: Los sujetos con extremidad inferior más corta respecto a la estatura tienen un mayor riesgo de clasificarse con sobrepeso u obesidad, porque el tronco supone la mayor proporción del peso corporal total. La combinación del IC y del IMC podría mejorar el diagnóstico de la condición nutricional de los individuos | Abstract:
Introduction: The Body Mass Index (BMI) is used to assess nutritional status in children and adults, but its main limitation is that it does not take into account body composition or length of body segments. The Cormic Index (CI) is used to assess proportionality and relates setting height to total height.
Objectives: To analyse the evolution of BMI and CI with age and the association between them.
Methodology: an international sample of 7,688 boys and girls between 6 and 18 years old is used. The ontogenetic variability of BMI and CI by age and their sexual dimorphism were analysed, as well as the association between nutritional condition and relative size of the trunk.
Results: BMI increases with age in both sexes. The CI decreases until 12 years, at which time it begins to increase reaching higher averages in the female sex. High CI values are related to overweight or obesity, while low CI values are related to underweight (p<0.001).
Conclusions: subjects with shorter lower extremities in relation to height have a greater risk of being classified as overweight or obese, because the trunk accounts for the largest proportion of total body weight. The combination of CI and BMI could improve the diagnosis of the nutritional condition of individuals. | Palabras clave:
Estado nutricional, proporcionalidad corporal, longitud de las piernas, antropometría. | Keywords:
Nutritional status, body proportionality, leg length, anthropometry. |
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| Evaluación de la satisfacción global de los pacientes con nutrición enteral domiciliaria en la consulta de farmacia hospitalaria: estudio Satisfar-Ned |
Artículo original
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| Vázquez López, Cristina; Martínez López de Castro, Noemí; Samartín Ucha, Marisol; Feijoo Meléndez, Débora; Lago Rivero, Natividad; Piñeiro Corrales, Guadalupe |
Introducción: Conocer la opinión de los pacientes nos permite mejorar la calidad de los servicios prestados y los resultados...
Resumen:
Introducción: Conocer la opinión de los pacientes nos permite mejorar la calidad de los servicios prestados y los resultados en salud.
Objetivos: Evaluar la satisfacción de los pacientes que acuden a recoger nutrición enteral domiciliaria a la consulta del Servicio de Farmacia. Analizar los factores predictivos de una mayor satisfacción.
Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal en un hospital universitario (425 camas). Se diseñó un cuestionario autocumplimentable para medir la satisfacción de los pacientes ambulatorios con nutrición enteral domiciliaria en un servicio de farmacia del hospital. La satisfacción se midió mediante una escala de 1 a 10. Los índices de calidad percibida fueron analizados por un modelo de análisis de componentes utilizando la rotación de varimax. Para evaluar la relación entre la satisfacción global y los principales componente se realizó un análisis de regresión.
Resultados: Entre los meses de mayo-junio 2015, se realizaron 187 cuestionarios. La puntuación global de satisfacción fue de 7,3 (IC 95%: 5,1 a 9,4). El análisis de componentes puso de manifiesto que dos componentes explicaron el 64,4% de la varianza. El primero (CP1) contenía preguntas relacionadas con la adecuación de los recursos o servicios y el segundo (CP2), preguntas sobre la relación profesional-paciente. Se vio que una unidad adicional en CP2 está asociada con un aumento de 2,6 del riesgo de tener mayores puntuaciones de satisfacción.
Conclusiones: Nuestro estudio muestra que el grado de satisfacción de los pacientes es elevado. El factor que predice una mayor satisfacción de los pacientes con nutrición enteral domiciliaria es la atención ofrecida por los profesionales sanitarios. | Abstract:
Introduction: The knowledge of the patients’ opinions allows us to improve the quality of services provided, as well as health outcomes.
Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the factors leading to greater satisfaction among patients who come to pick up home enteral nutrition at the Pharmacy Service.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a 425-bed university hospital. A self-fulfilling questionnaire was designed to measure patient satisfaction during may and june 2015. Global satisfaction was measured on a 1 to 10 scale. Indices of perceived quality were modelled through a principal component analysis using varimax rotation. The relationship between principal components and overall satisfaction was evaluated using regression analysis.
Results: A total of 187 questionnaires were collected. The overall satisfaction score was 7.3 (95% CI: 5.1 to 9.4). The analysis of components revealed two components that explained 64.4% of the variance. The first (CP1) contained questions related to the adequacy of resources and services and the second (CP2), questions about the professional-patient relationship. It was found that an additional unit in CP2 is associated with an increase of 2.6 in the risk of having higher satisfaction scores.
Conclusions: Our study shows that the degree of patient satisfaction is high. The factor which predicts the satisfaction of patients on Enteral Nutricion is the care offered by health professionals. | Palabras clave:
Satisfacción de pacientes, nutrición enteral, consulta externa, farmacia de hospital. | Keywords:
Satisfaction, patient; enteral nutritional; ambulatory care facilities; hospital pharmcy. |
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| Composición corporal en escolares colombianos: Diferencias por sexo y edad |
Artículo original
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| Vidarte Claros, José Armando; Vélez Álvarez, Consuelo; Arango Arenas, Alejandro; Parra Sánchez, José Hernán |
Introducción: La composición corporal en escolares, se convierte en un aporte significativo para reorientación de programas en...
Resumen:
Introducción: La composición corporal en escolares, se convierte en un aporte significativo para reorientación de programas en salud y educación, debido a que el incremento de índice de masa corporal, alto porcentaje graso y alto nivel de masa muscular puede asociarse con el aumento de enfermedades crónicas trasmisibles, primeras causas de muerte a nivel mundial.
Objetivo: analizar las diferencias por sexo y edad de las variables de la composición corporal en escolares de diez ciudades colombianas.
Método: estudio descriptivo transversal con una fase correlacional. Participaron 3458 escolares entre 12 y 18 años de edad, se realizó un muestreo aleatorio simple probabilístico, con un nivel de significancia de 5% y un poder de 80%, los escolares se seleccionaron aleatoriamente de los establecimientos públicos y privados de las ciudades seleccionadas. Se calcularon centiles a partir de la regresión Least Mean square por edad y sexo p3, p25, p50, p75, p90 y p97 con el método de los Least Mean squares (LMS, ‘mínimos cuadrados’) por curvas centiles que representan la asimetría, la mediana y la variabilidad se usó el paquete estadístico SPSS licenciado por la Universidad Autónoma de Manizales.
Resultados: Se encontraron correlaciones directas y significativas entre el %grasa y perímetro cintura, índice de masa corporal y edad tanto en hombres como en mujeres, en el grupo de mujeres él % grasa no mostró correlación con la edad.
Discusión: por edad y sexo se encontró como la media del índice de masa corporal y el porcentaje graso aumenta con la edad siendo mayor en mujeres, lo cual ha sido confirmado en otros estudios realizados en esta población.
Conclusión: las mujeres muestran valores más altos que los hombres, por edad, a medida que los escolares aumentan en edad la composición corporal cambia. | Abstract:
Introduction: The study of body composition in schoolchildren, becomes a significant contribution to reorientation of programs in health and education, because the increase in body mass index, high percentage of fat and high level of muscle mass can be associated with the increase in chronic diseases transmissible, the leading causes of death worldwide.
Objective: to analyze the differences by sex and age of the variables Body Mass Index, percentage of fat and percentage of muscle mass in schoolchildren in ten Colombian cities.
Method: cross-sectional descriptive study with a correlational phase. 3458 schoolchildren between 12 and 18 years of age participated, a simple probabilistic random sampling was carried out, with a significance level of 5% and a power of 80%, schoolchildren were randomly selected from public and private establishments in the selected cities. Centiles were calculated from the Least Mean square regression by age and sex p3, p25, p50, p75, p90 and p97 with the Least method. Mean squares (LMS, ‘least squares’) by centile curves representing asymmetry, median and variability were used the statistical package SPSS licensed by the Autonomous University of Manizales.
Results: direct and significant correlations were found between % fat and waist circumference, body mass index and age in both men and women, in the group of women % fat showed no correlation with age.
Discussion: by age and sex was found as the mean body mass index and the fat percentage increases with age being higher in women, which has been confirmed in other studies conducted in this population.
Conclusion: women show higher values than men, by age, as schoolchildren increase in age body composition changes. | Palabras clave:
Escolares, composición corporal, sexo, distribución por edades, salud. | Keywords:
Schools, body composition, sex, age distribution, health. |
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