Potential nutrient content of bilih fish (Mystacoleucus padangensis) oil supplementation in reducing the risk of stunting
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12873/Palabras clave:
Keywords: Analysis; Macronutrient; Micronutrient; Local food; SupplementResumen
Stunting is a chronic condition of malnutrition in children, indicated by a height-for-age measurement that is more than two standard deviations below the WHO growth standards.
This study aims to develop a bilih fish oil supplement by analyzing the nutritional components of bilih fish oil supplement, extracting the oil, and evaluating the nutritional content of the resulting supplement.
Method: The bilih fish oil supplement was extracted using a wet rendering method. The analysis covered proximate components (moisture, ash, protein, fat), amino acids, fatty acids, and minerals such as Ca (Calcium), Se (selenium), Fe (iron), Mg (magnesium), Zn (zinc), along with Vitamin A.
Result: The findings showed that the bilih fish oil supplement contains moisture (52.43%), ash (0.83%), fat total (2.49%), protein (0.77 %), amino acid such as: L-Lysine (<336.07 mg/kg), L-Proline (463.97 mg/kg), L-Serine (835.35 mg/kg), L-Threonine (448.84 mg/kg), Ca (148.82 mg/100 g), fatty acid: omega-3 (0.2669%), EPA (0.0771%), DHA (0.1036 %), omega-6 (0.2105 %), AA (0.086 %), and omega-9 (0.4346%), minerals: Fe (0.41 mg/100 g), Mg (57.30 mg/100 g), Zn (0.11 mg/100 g), Vitamin A/Retinol (488.18 mcg/100 g).
Conclusion: The study concludes that a daily intake of
100 ml of the bilih fish oil supplement can provide approximately 14.9% of the daily energy needs. The bilih fish oil supplement offers a promising local dietary option to help reduce the risk of stunting in children.
Referencias
REFERENCES
1. WHO, UNICEF, World Bank Group. Levels and trends in child malnutrition: findings of the 2025 edition. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2025.
2. [Kemenkes] Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Laporan hasil Survei Kesehatan Indonesia tahun 2023. Jakarta: Pusat Data dan Informasi Kementerian Kesehatan RI; 2023.
3. [Kemenkes] Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Laporan Hasil Survei Status Gizi Indonesia (SSGI) 2024. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan RI; 2024.
4. [BAPPENAS] Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional. Rencana pembangunan jangka menengah nasional 2020-2024. Jakarta: Kementerian Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional/Bappenas; 2020.
5. Goudet SM, Bogin BA, Madise NJ, Griffiths PL. Nutritional interventions for preventing stunting in children (Birth to 59 months) living in urban slums in low-and middle-income countries (LMIC). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019;(6).
6. Fikri AM, Astuti W, Nurhidayati VA, Prameswari FS, Ismail NH. Protein intake recommendation for stunted children: An-update review. Nutr Clin Diet Hosp. 2024;44(3):117-123.
7. Rimbawan R, Nasution Z, Giriwono PE, Tamimi K, Fadly K, Noviana A. Effect of locally produced ready-to-use therapeutic food on children under five years with severe acute malnutrition: A systematic review. J Gizi Pangan. 2023;18(3):165-182.
8. Sari AN, Diana FM, Nur NC. The association between protein intake and feeding practice with stunting in children aged 24–59 months. Nutr Clín Diet Hosp. 2025;45(1):430-7.
9. [Kemenkes] Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Peraturan Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor 72 Tahun 2021 tentang Percepatan Penurunan Stunting. 2021. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Home/Details/185309/perpres-no-72-tahun-2021.
10. Jenderal D, Masyarakat K. Perdirjen Juknis PMT Lokal V29 2024.03.20 ed revisi 2024. 2023.
11. Diana FM. Studi efikasi pemberian biskuit yang mengandung ikan bilih (Mystacoleucus padangensis) terhadap pertumbuhan dan peningkatan aspek kognitif tikus percobaan [dissertation]. [Bogor]: [IPB University]; 2019.
12. Diana FM, Rimbawan R, Damayanthi E, Dewi M, Juniantito V, Lipoeto NI. Effect of biscuits enriched with bilih fish (Mystacoleucus padangensis) on growth of experimental rats. J Gizi Pangan. 2020;15(1):11-18.
13. Diana FM. Formula biskuit berbasis pangan lokal Sumatera Barat dari tepung ikan bilih (Mystacoleucus padangensis) untuk tumbuh kembang anak [patent]. Ids000003526; 2021.
14. Yahdillah H, Diana FM, Helmizar H. The organoleptic test and nutrient analysis of buffalo milk-based nuggets with the addition of bilih fish (Mystacoleucus padangensis) as additional foods growing toddlers. Amerta Nutr. 2024;8(2):269-277.
15. Diana FM, Rimbawan R, Damayanthi E, Dewi M, Juniantito V, Lipoeto NI. Biscuit enriched with bilih fish (Mystacoleucus padangensis) increases cognitive in experimental rat. Indian J Public Health Res Dev. 2019;10(9):1006-10.
16. Diana FM, Najmiatul F. Association of omega 3 and omega 6 and child development: A systematic review. Nutr Clin Diet Hosp. 2022;42(2):98-104.
17. Hidayaturrahmah H, Suprayogi A, Darusman HS, Roosita K, Hanif N. Effects of patin fish-based nutritional intervention on biochemical and physiological recovery in malnourished rats: An in vivo study and its implications for clinical nutrition. Narra J. 2025;5(2):1-15.
18. AOAC. Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International. 18th ed. Washington, D.C.: AOAC International; 2005.
19. USDA, Agricultural Research Service. FoodData Central. Oranges, raw, navels [Internet]. 2019. https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/.
20. Andhikawati A, Junianto J, Permana R, Oktavia Y. Review: Komposisi Gizi Ikan Terhadap Kesehatan Tubuh Manusia. Marinade. 2021;4(2):76-84.
21. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 28 Tahun 2019 tentang Angka Kecukupan Gizi yang Dianjurkan untuk Masyarakat Indonesia. Jakarta: Kemenkes RI; 2019.
22. Rahman N, Hashem S, Akther S, Jothi JS. Impact of various extraction methods on fatty acid profile, physicochemical properties, and nutritional quality index of Pangus fish oil. Food Sci Nutr. 2023;11(8):4688-99.
23. Tam E, Keats EC, Rind F, Das JK, Bhutta ZA. Micronutrient supplementation and fortification interventions on health and development outcomes among children under-five in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients. 2020;12(2).
24. Reski S, Mundhofir FEP, Murbawani EA, Nindita Y, Muniroh M, Swastawati F, et al. Efficacy of catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) oil to overcome stunting by reducing inflammatory condition. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2021;13(5):18-22.
25. Alfonso Mayén V, Ogunlusi A, Wright CM, Garcia AL. Childhood stunting and micronutrient status unaffected by RCT of micronutrient fortified drink. Matern Child Nutr. 2022;18(1):1-10.
26. Ernawati F, Syauqy A, Arifin AY, Soekatri MYE, Sandjaja S. Micronutrient deficiencies and stunting were associated with socioeconomic status in Indonesian children aged 6–59 months. Nutrients. 2021;13(6).
27. Sihombing F, Rumaseuw ES, Raniadita MA. Analysis of the nutritional content of catfish extract as a reliable food ingredient to improve the nutrition of stunted toddlers. J Biol Trop. 2024;24(3):216-22.
Descargas
Publicado
Número
Sección
Categorías
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2025 Nutrición Clínica y Dietética Hospitalaria
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
Los lectores pueden utilizar los textos publicados de acuerdo con la definición BOAI (Budapest Open Access Initiative)
