Nutrición perioperatoria 360: un modelo de atención basado en la evidencia
Nutrición perioperatoria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12873/423pinzonPalabras clave:
Arginina; Ácidos Grasos; Nucleótidos; Cirugía General; Soporte Nutricional; Análisis de Costos.Resumen
La presente revisión de literatura permite proponer un modelo de acción para identificar oportunamente los pacientes que requieren cirugía mayor y que puedan beneficiarse de intervenciones nutricionales como la inmunonutrición a partir de la evidencia científica. Metodológicamente incluyó una revisión rápida de la literatura, a partir de la consulta en las siguientes fuentes de datos, EMBASE, MEDLINE (Pubmed), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (Wiley), LILACS (BVS, interfaz iAHx) y el motor de búsqueda Google Académico. Como resultado se identificaron 40 artículos, que cumplieron con los parámetros establecidos para la revisión sistemática y los criterios de calidad, que permitieron establecer cuatro fases para la propuesta de intervención nutricional 360 en el manejo nutricional perioperatorio, tamización nutricional de rutina en consulta externa, suplementación preoperatoria con dosis terapéutica de inmunonutrición, intervención nutricional intrahospitalaria y seguimiento nutricional postoperatorio. En conclusión, un modelo de intervención nutricional que incluya un aporte nutricional con una fórmula de aminoácidos (arginina y/o glutamina), ácidos grasos poliinsaturados (ácido graso omega-3) y una mezcla de nucleótidos o ARN, es una estrategia costo- efectiva en pacientes de cirugía electiva por cáncer gastrointestinal (cáncer de estómago y colon), cirugía de cabeza y cuello, pacientes mayores 18 años.
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