Physical growth and sexual dimorphism in schoolchildren from different health districts of Tucumán (Argentina)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12873/453marrodanKeywords:
human growth, health inequities, body size, biology and gender, Latin AmericaAbstract
Background: Human growth patterns display marked sexual dimorphism the magnitude of which is shaped by the interplay of biological, genetic, and hormonal factors, all embedded within specific socio-environmental contexts. Understanding how these factors interact at a territorial level is essential for identifying health inequities in child populations.
Objective: To investigate sex differences in physical growth among schoolchildren in Tucumán, Argentina, and to explore how the expression of sexual dimorphism in body size varies according to health district of residence.
Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed anthropometric data from 14,608 schoolchildren aged 5–12 years. Weight, height, and body mass index were measured following standardized procedures. Sexual dimorphism indices were calculated and compared between central and peripheral health districts. Statistical significance was assessed using the Mann–Whitney U test.
Results: In general, girls exhibed larger body size between 10 and 12 years of age, underlining the auxological pattern at puberty, which was earlier in girls. The magnitude of sexual dimorphism was lower among children from peripheral health district, which are characterized by the most adverse socioeconomic conditions.
Conclusions: The assessment of sexual dimorphism in childhood growth provides a sensitive indicator of territorial health disparities. Findings highlight the importance of considering both biological and social determinants in the design of policies aimed at reducing inequities in child health.
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