Predicción del porcentaje de grasa por medio de antropometría en niños y adolescentes de chile: propuesta de percentiles para su evaluación.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12873/424urraPalavras-chave:
Ecuaciones de predicción, % de grasa, percentiles, escolaresResumo
Introducción: El porcentaje de grasa es determinante en la evaluación de la atención primaria.
Objetivo: Comparar ecuaciones antropométricas regionales que predicen el porcentaje de grasa corporal (%GC) con ecuaciones extranjeras y, proponer percentiles para valorar el % GC de niños y adolescentes de la región del Maule, Chile.
Metodología: Se efectuó un estudio transversal (correlacional) en escolares de la región del Maule (Chile). Se estudió a 1,126 escolares (588 hombres y 538 mujeres) con un rango de edad desde los 6,0 hasta los 17,9 años. Se evaluó la edad, el peso, estatura, circunferencia del abdomen, dos pliegues cutáneos (tricipital y subescapular). Se calculó el índice de masa corporal (IMC), Índice Ponderal (IP, Índice Cintura-Estatura (ICE), %GC por dos ecuaciones regionales y tres ecuaciones extranjeras (Boileau, Slaughter y Deuremberg).
Resultados: Las ecuaciones regionales de chile presentaron valores de 26,2±7,1%GC en varones, mientras que en mujeres reflejaron 33,6±4,7%GC (p<0,05). Las ecuaciones extranjeras reflejaron valores similares en varones, por ejemplo, de 19,3%±6,9%GC (Boileau), 20,1±8,7%GC (Slaughter) y 20,6±5,3%GC (Deuremberg), mientras que, en las mujeres fue de 25,9±6,1%GC (Boileau), 25,2±8,8%GC (Slaughter) y 25,0±5,3%GC (Deuremberg). Hubo diferencias significativas entre las ecuaciones regionales con las ecuaciones extranjeras en ambos sexos (p<0,05). Los percentiles calculados fueron: (P3, P5, P10, P15, P25, P50, P75, P85, P90, P95 y P97). Los valores de %GC en las mujeres a edades avanzadas (próximas a la adultez) oscilan entre 32 a 34%, y en los hombres entre 19 a 20%.
Conclusión: Se evidenció que las tres ecuaciones extranjeras de Boileau, Slaughter y Deuremberg no son aplicables a muestra de escolares chilenos, además, se desarrolló percentiles utilizando ecuaciones antropométricas para estimar el %GC desde los 6 hasta los 17,9 años.
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