Asociación entre la lactancia materna exclusiva y los síntomas depresivos de la mujer: Análisis secundario de una encuesta nacional

Lilian Lima-Bastos; Christ Narro-Sánchez; Ricardo Rojas-Humpire

doi:10.12873/849Lilian

Autores

Lilian Lima-Bastos
Christ Narro-Sánchez Universidad peruana Unión, Escuela de Medicina Humana, Lima, Perú
Ricardo Rojas-Humpire Grupo de Investigación P53, Escuela de Medicina Humana, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Peruana Unión, Lima, Perú.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.12873/849Lilian

Palavras-chave:

lactancia materna, Síntomas depresivos, violencia domestica, enfermedades cronicas

Resumo

O aleitamento materno exclusivo (AME) é uma prática que traz grandes benefícios tanto para o recém-nascido quanto para a mãe. Neste sentido, o objetivo do estudo foi determinar a associação entre o AME e os sintomas depressivos das mulheres. Foi realizada uma análise de dados secundários da Pesquisa Demográfica e de Saúde Familiar do Peru, na qual foram identificadas as variáveis para determinar a AME, sua duração e frequência. Por outro lado, os sintomas depressivos das mulheres foram avaliados por meio do teste PHQ-9. Foi observada uma prevalência de AME de 28%, a maior proporção de participantes por 12 meses com uma frequência de 5 a 9 vezes por dia. Descobriu-se que a AME reduziu a probabilidade de sintomas depressivos em 43% (OR:0,57, IC95% 0,54-0,84), assim como os componentes sociodemográficos, estado civil separado (OR:1. 67, IC95% 1,06 - 2,61), viuvez (OR: 5,09, IC95% 1,86 - 13,94), violência doméstica (OR: 2,39, IC95% 1,48 - 3,87) e hipertensão (OR: 2,16, IC95% 1,22 - 3,83). Conclui-se que a AME é um fator que reduz a probabilidade de sintomas depressivos em mulheres de forma independente, essa prática é importante para o desenvolvimento do recém-nascido e para o bem-estar da mãe, o que deve ser reforçado especialmente no primeiro nível de atendimento.

Referências

Still R, Marais D, Hollis JL. Mothers’ understanding of the term ‘exclusive breastfeeding’: a systematic review. Matern Child Nutr. 2017;13(3):1–20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.12336

WHO. Exclusive Breastfeeding For Optimal, Development and Health of Infants. 2017;

Liu L, Zhou M, Xiao G, Zhang T, Li X, Owusua T, et al. The impact of antenatal depressive symptoms on exclusive breastfeeding intention: A moderating effect analysis. Midwifery. 2023;116:103551. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2022.103551

Smith MM, Kuhn L. Exclusive breast-feeding: Does it have the potential to reduce breast-feeding transmission of HIV-1? Nutr Rev. 2000;58(11):333–40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.2000.tb01830.x

Del Ciampo LA, Del Ciampo IRL. Breastfeeding and the Benefits of Lactation for Women’s Health. Aleitamento materno e seus benefícios para a saúde da mulher. Rev Bras Ginecol Obs. 2018;40(6):354–9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1657766

Gao P, Cao G, Liu J, Yang F, Liu M. Global, regional, and national trends in incidence of depression among women, 1990-2019: An analysis of the global burden of disease study. Psychiatry Res. 2024;331:115668. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115668

Albert PR. Why is depression more prevalent in women? J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2015;40(4):219–21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1503/jpn.150205

Santomauro DF, Mantilla Herrera AM, Shadid J, Zheng P, Ashbaugh C, Pigott DM, et al. Global prevalence and burden of depressive and anxiety disorders in 204 countries and territories in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Lancet. 2021;398(10312):1700–12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02143-7

Dennis CL, McQueen K. The relationship between infant-feeding outcomes and postpartum depression: A qualitative systematic review. Pediatrics. 2009;123(4):e736–e751. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2008-1629

Hatton DC, Harrison-Hohner J, Coste S, Dorato V, Curet LB, McCarron DA. Symptoms of Postpartum Depression and Breastfeeding. J Hum Lact. 2005;21(4):444–54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0890334405280947

Figueiredo B, Canário C, Field T. Breastfeeding is negatively affected by prenatal depression and reduces postpartum depression. Psychol Med. 2014;44(5):927–36. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291713001530

Figueiredo B, Pinto TM, Costa R. Exclusive Breastfeeding Moderates the Association Between Prenatal and Postpartum Depression. J Hum Lact. 2021;37(4):784–94. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0890334421991051

Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática. Ficha Técnica ENDES 2022. INEI, editor. Perú; 2022. 21 p.

Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JBW. The PHQ-9. Validity of a Brief Depression Severity Measure. J Gen Intern Med. 2001;16:606–13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x

Calderón M, Gálvez-Buccollini JA, Cueva G, Ordoñez C, Bromley C, Fiestas F. Validación de la versión peruana del PHQ-9 para el diagnóstico de depresión. Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica. 2012;29(4):578–9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1726-46342012000400027

Infurna FJ, Staben OE, Gardner MJ, Grimm KJ, Luthar SS. The Accumulation of Adversity in Midlife: Effects on Depressive Symptoms, Life Satisfaction, and Character Strengths. Psychol Aging. 2023;38(3):230–46. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/pag0000725

Rajan S, McKee M, Rangarajan S, Bangdiwala S, Rosengren A, Gupta R, et al. Association of Symptoms of Depression with Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality in Low-, Middle-, and High-Income Countries. JAMA Psychiatry. 2020;77(10):1052–63. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.1351

Russell D, Taylor J. Living alone and depressive symptoms: The influence of gender, physical disability, and social support among hispanic and non-hispanic older adults. Journals Gerontol - Ser B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2009;64(1):95–104. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbn002

Villarreal-Zegarra D, Bernabe-Ortiz A. Association between arterial hypertension and depressive symptoms: Results from population-based surveys in Peru. Asia-Pacific Psychiatry. 2020;12(2):1–7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/appy.12385

Rubio-Guerra AF, Rodriguez-Lopez L, Vargas-Ayala G, Huerta-Ramirez S, Serna DC, Lozano-Nuevo JJ. Depression increases the risk for uncontrolled hypertension. Exp Clin Cardiol. 2013;18(1):10–2.

Davidson K, Jonas BS, Dixon KE, Markovitz JH. Do depression symptoms predict early hypertension incidence in young adults in the CARDIA study? Arch Intern Med. 2000;160(10):1495–500. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.160.10.1495

Adineh HA, Almasi Z, Rad ME, Zareban I, Moghaddam AA. Prevalence of Domestic Violence against Women in Iran: A Systematic Review. Epidemiol. 2016;6(6):276. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1165.1000276

Peek-Asa C, Wallis A, Harland K, Beyer K, Dickey P, Saftlas A. Rural disparity in domestic violence prevalence and access to resources. J Women’s Heal. 2011;20(11):1743–9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2011.2891

Butler MS, Young SL, Tuthill EL. Perinatal depressive symptoms and breastfeeding behaviors: A systematic literature review and biosocial research agenda. J Affect Disord. 2021;283:441–71. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.080

Mikšić Š, Uglešić B, Jakab J, Holik D, Milostić Srb A, Degmečić D. Positive effect of breastfeeding on child development, anxiety, and postpartum depression. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(8):2725. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082725

Fitzsimons E, Vera-Hernández M. Breastfeeding and Child Development. Am Econ J Appl Econ. 2022;14(3):329–66. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20180385

Whitley J, Wouk K, Bauer E. A, Grewen K, Gottfredson C. N, Meltzer-Brody S, et al. Oxytocin during breastfeeding and maternal mood symptoms Julia. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2020;113:104581. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.104581

Uvnas-Moberg K, Ekstrom-Bergstrom A, Buckley S, Massarotti C, Pajalic Z, Luegmair K, et al. Maternal plasma levels of oxytocin during breastfeeding-a systematic review. Vol. 15, PLoS ONE. 2020. e0235806 p. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235806

Lara-Cinisomo S, McKenney K, Di Florio A, Meltzer-Brody S. Associations between Postpartum Depression, Breastfeeding, and Oxytocin Levels in Latina Mothers. Breastfeed Med. 2017;12(7):436–42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1089/bfm.2016.0213

Bugaeva P, Arkusha I, Bikaev R, Kamenskiy I, Pokrovskaya A, El-Taravi Y, et al. Association of breastfeeding with mental disorders in mother and child: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Med. 2023;21(1):393. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-023-03071-7