Influencia de la dieta vegetariana en el microbioma intestinal humano
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12873/443borregoPalabras clave:
Microbioma intestinal, Dieta vegetariana, Metabolitos microbianos, PosbióticosResumen
Introducción: Las dietas vegetarianas son cada vez más populares en todo el mundo, sobre todo por sus beneficios para la salud, por su sostenibilidad medioambiental, y por su contribución al bienestar animal. Varios estudios han identificado una asociación entre el vegetarianismo y distintos indicadores de salud, por medio de una modulación de la diversidad y de la estabilidad del microbioma intestinal humano.
Metodología: Desde una perspectiva holística, se revisan los efectos de las dietas vegetarianas en la composición de la microbiota intestinal y en la producción de metabolitos microbianos que pueden afectar a la salud física y mental humana.
Resultados: La adopción de una dieta vegetariana, rica en fibras no digeribles, reduce la diversidad microbiana b del microbioma intestinal humano, conduciendo a un aumento en la abundancia de los géneros Prevotella, Clostridium y Faecalibacterium, y a una disminución de los géneros Bacteroides y Bifidobacterium.
Conclusiones: La fermentación de las fibras y el cambio del ecosistema microbiano intestinal se traduce en la producción de metabolitos, como los ácidos grasos de cadena corta (AGCC) y otros posbióticos, que ejercen efectos muy beneficiosos en el sistema inmune intestinal, en la integridad de la barrera hematoencefálica, en el suministro de sustratos energéticos, y en las defensas contra patógenos microbianos.
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