Análisis de la dieta y la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea de los Técnicos en Emergencias Sanitarias y su evolución durante la pandemia COVID-19 en relación con factores sociodemográficos y de salud
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12873/423lamasKeywords:
Dieta Mediterránea, Autoeficacia, Conducta de Elección, Sueño, Estrés PsicológicoAbstract
Introduction: Emergency Medical Technicians show a high prevalence of overweight and obesity, which have been related to a low adherence to the Mediterranean diet and several health problems.
Objetives: Describe the diet and the adherence to the Mediterranean diet in a sample of Emergency Medical Technicians in Spain and their evolution during the COVID-19 pandemic considering the sociodemographic and health factors related to them.
Material and Methods: The participants completed an online survey which collected: sociodemographic and anthropometric variables, food consumption, food choice, self-efficacy consumption of fruits and vegetables, changes in diet during the pandemic, sleep quality and stress symptoms. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and the relationship between these variables were calculated.
Results: 340 professionals participated. Less than 25% met the recommended intake of vegetables, fruits and cereals, and less than 35%, the intake of confectionery, red meat and nuts. Technicians with a low adherence to the Mediterranean diet chose less healthy dishes (p<0.001) and had lower self-efficacy (p<0.001). Besides, technicians whose diet quality got worse during the pandemic presented poorer sleep quality (p=0.025) and more stress symptoms (p<0.001).
Discussion: Emergency Medical Technicians show a low adherence to the Mediterranean diet, which was associated with a low self-efficacy and poor food choices.
Conclusions: Interventions to improve Emergency Medical Technicians’ diet quality should focus on improving their self-efficacy, food choice, sleep quality and stress levels.
References
Supples MW, Rivard MK, Cash RE, Chrzan K, Panchal AR, McGinnis HD. Barriers to Physical Activity Among Emergency
Medical Services Professionals. J Phys Act Health. 2021;18(3): 304-309.
Bautista Rodríguez M, Guadarrama Guadarrama R, Veytia López M. Prevalencia de obesidad según los indicadores: porcentaje de
grasa corporal, índice de masa corporal y circunferencia de cintura. Nutr Clín Diet Hosp. 2020;40(3):18-25.
Martínez-Isasi S, Rodríguez-Lorenzo MJ, Vázquez-Santamariña D, Abella-Lorenzo J, Castro Dios DJ, Fernández García D. Perfil del
técnico de emergencias sanitarias en España. Rev Esp Salud Publica. 2017;91:e201712049. Disponible en: https://www.sanidad.gob.es/biblioPublic/publicaciones/recursos_propios/resp/revista_cdrom/VOL91/O_BREVE/RS91C_201712049.pdf
Smits J, Permanyer I. The Subnational Human Development Database. Sci Data. 2019;6:190038. doi: 10.1038/sdata.2019.38
Trinidad Rodríguez I, Fernández Ballart J, Cucó Pastor G, Biarnés Jordà E, Arija Val V. Validación de un cuestionario de frecuencia
de consumo alimentario corto: reproducibilidad y validez. Nutr Hosp. 2008;23(3):242-52.
Panagiotakos DB, Pitsavos C, Stefanadis C. Dietary patterns: A Mediterranean diet score and its relation to clinical and biological
markers of cardiovascular disease risk. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2006;16(8):559-68.
Royuela A, Macías JA. Propiedades clinimétricas de la versión castellana del Cuestionario de Pittsburgh. Vigilia-Sueño. 1997;9(2):
-94.
Daza P, Novy DM, Stanley MA, Averill P. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21: Spanish Translation and Validation with a
Hispanic Sample. J Psychopathol Behav Assess. 2002;24(3):195-205.
Gutiérrez-Puertas L, Márquez-Hernández VV, Alcaraz-Córdoba T. Gutiérrez-Puertas V, Granados-Gámez G, Aguilera-Manrique G. Adaptation of the Spanish version of the Self-Efficacy. Consumption of Fruit and Vegetables Scale. Arch Latinoam Nutr. 2018;68(4). Disponible en: http://www.alanrevista.org/ediciones/2018/4/art-1/
Fenton S, Burrows TL, Skinner JA, Duncan MJ. The influence of sleep health on dietary intake: a systematic review and meta-analysis of intervention studies. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2021;34(2):273-85.
Hill D, Conner M, Clancy F, Moss R, Wilding S, Bristow M, et al. Stress and eating behaviours in healthy adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Health Psychol Rev. 2021 May 24;1-25. [Online ahead of print]. doi: 10.1080/17437199.2021.1923406
Efthymiou V, Charmandari E, Vlachakis D, Tsitsika A, Pałasz A, Chrousos G, et al. Adolescent Self-Efficacy for Diet and Exercise
Following a School-Based Multicomponent Lifestyle Intervention. Nutrients. 2021;14(1):97. doi: 10.3390/nu14010097
Veling H, Verpaalen IAM, Liu H, Mosannenzadeh F, Becker D, Holland RW. How can food choice best be trained? Approachavoidance versus go/no-go training. Appetite. 2021;163:105226. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105226
Rachmah Q, Martiana T, Mulyono M, Paskarini I, Dwiyanti E, Widajati N, et al. The effectiveness of nutrition and health intervention in workplace setting: a systematic review. J Public Health Res. 2021;11(1):2312. doi: 10.4081/jphr.2021.2312
Perez-Cueto FJA. An umbrella review of systematic reviews on food choice and nutrition published between 2017 and-2019.
Nutrients. 2019;11(10):2398. doi: 10.3390/nu11102398
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Nutrición Clínica y Dietética Hospitalaria
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Los lectores pueden utilizar los textos publicados de acuerdo con la definición BOAI (Budapest Open Access Initiative)
