Protective effect of Spinacia oleracea (spinach) leaf juice against gastric hypersecretion in rats
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12873/453samaniegoKeywords:
Spinach, Spinacia oleracea, histamine, peptic ulcerAbstract
Introduction: Gastritis and/or ulcers gastricts have become very common in our environment in recent years, which is related to eating disorders and Helicobacter pylori infection. In recent years, the healing properties of various foods have been evaluated, which are related to the phytonutrients they contain.
Objectives: To evaluate the effect of the juice of Spinacia oleracea "spinach" leaves against the induction of gastric hypersecretion in rats.
Materials and methods: This was an experimental study. The spinach leaf juice was obtained using a household extractor. Forty-two rats (n=7) were used, and each group received the following treatments perorally: groups I and II, physiological saline solution 10 mL/kg; group III, ranitidine 50 mg/kg; groups IV-V-VI, spinach leaf juice at 2, 5, and 10 mL/kg of weight, respectively. After one hour, they were anesthetized, and the pylorus was ligated; one hour later, histamine (50 mg/kg) was administered subcutaneously to groups II–VI. After three hours, they were anesthetized to extract the stomach and its contents.
Results: In groups V-VI, an increase in mucus was evidenced by 81.1% and 47.9% respectively; lipoperoxidation decreased, and the GSH/GSSG ratio was higher in groups IV-VI. In group V, the gastric volume decreased (38.1%), and the total acidity decreased in groups V (38.1%) and VI (14.8%). Peptic activity decreased in group V (30.9%), while the pH was higher in group V (29.7%). At the histological level, mild inflammation with mucinous damage was evident, whereas groups IV-V did not present said damage.
Conclusion: The juice of Spinacia oleracea "spinach" leaves exerted a protective effect against histamine-induced gastric secretion in rats.
References
Périco LL, Emílio-Silva MT, Ohara R, Rodrigues VP, Bueno G, Barbosa-Filho JM, et al. Systematic analysis of monoterpenes: Advances and challenges in the treatment of peptic ulcer diseases. Vol. 10, Biomolecules. MDPI AG; 2020.
Kurniawan Prayoga D, Lia Aulifa D, Budiman A, Levita J. Plants with Anti-Ulcer Activity and Mechanism: A Review of Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2024;18(January):193–213.
Vomero ND, Colpo E. Nutritional care in peptic ulcer. Vol. 27, Arquivos brasileiros de cirurgia digestiva : ABCD = Brazilian archives of digestive surgery. 2014. p. 298–302. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-67202014000400017
Kamada T, Satoh K, Itoh T, Ito M, Iwamoto J, Okimoto T, et al. Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for peptic ulcer disease 2020. Vol. 56, Journal of Gastroenterology. Springer Japan; 2021. p. 303–22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00535-021-01769-0
Kavitt RT, Lipowska AM, Anyane-Yeboa A, Gralnek IM. Diagnosis and Treatment of Peptic Ulcer Disease. Vol. 132, American Journal of Medicine. Elsevier Inc.; 2019. p. 447–56. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2018.12.009
Kiran RS, Bathool S. A review on spinacia olaracea. Indian Journal of Research [Internet]. diciembre de 2023;12(12):90–2. Disponible en: www.worldwidejournals.com DOI: https://doi.org/10.36106/paripex/2706273.
Chiu HF, Venkatakrishnan K, Golovinskaia O, Wang CK. Gastroprotective effects of polyphenols against various gastro-intestinal disorders: A mini-review with special focus on clinical evidence. Molecules. el 1 de abril de 2021;26(7). DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26072090
Mehmood A, Zeb A, Ateeq MK. In vivo antidiabetic effects of phenolic compounds of spinach, mustard, and cabbage leaves in mice. Heliyon. el 1 de junio de 2023;9(6).
Farzaei MH, Abdollahi M, Rahimi R. Role of dietary polyphenols in the management of peptic ulcer. Vol. 21, World Journal of Gastroenterology. WJG Press; 2015. p. 6499–517.
Périco LL, Emílio-Silva MT, Ohara R, Rodrigues VP, Bueno G, Barbosa-Filho JM, et al. Systematic analysis of monoterpenes: Advances and challenges in the treatment of peptic ulcer diseases. Vol. 10, Biomolecules. MDPI AG; 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10020265
Sapkota B, Pandey B, Sapkota B, Dhakal K, Aryal B. A systematic review and meta-analysis on pharmacist-led interventions for the management of peptic ulcer disease. Amponsah OKO, editor. PLoS One [Internet]. el 25 de marzo de 2025;20(3):e0320181. Disponible en: https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0320181 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0320181
Buege SD, Aust SD. Microsomal Lipid Peroxidation. En: Methods in Enzymology. Academic Press; 1978. p. 302–10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0076-6879(78)52032-6
Anson ML. The estimation of pepsin, trypsin, papain, and cathepsin with hemoglobin. J Gen Physiol [Internet]. el 20 de septiembre de 1938;79–89. Disponible en: http://rupress.org/jgp/article-pdf/22/1/79/1238867/79.pdf DOI: https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.22.1.79
Arru L, Mussi F, Forti L, Buschini A. Biological effect of different spinach extracts in comparison with the individual components of the phytocomplex. Foods. el 1 de febrero de 2021;10(2):1–15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10020382
Kumar R, Patwa R. Study of Phytochemical Constituents and Anti-oxidant Activity of Spinacia oleracea L. of Bundelkhand Region. International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research. enero de 2018;4(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.21276/ijlssr.2018.4.1.15
Andarwulan N, Puspita NC, Saraswati, Średnicka-Tober D. Antioxidants such as flavonoids and carotenoids in the diet of Bogor, Indonesia residents. Antioxidants. el 1 de abril de 2021;10(4). DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10040587
Tuj Johra F, Kumar Bepari A, Tabassum Bristy A, Mahmud Reza H. A mechanistic review of β-carotene, lutein, and zeaxanthin in eye health and disease. Vol. 9, Antioxidants. MDPI; 2020. p. 1–21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9111046
Zou X, Gao J, Zheng Y, Wang X, Chen C, Cao K, et al. Zeaxanthin induces Nrf2-mediated phase II enzymes in protection of cell death. Cell Death Dis. 2014;5(5). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/cddis.2014.190
Farzaei MH, Abdollahi M, Rahimi R. Role of dietary polyphenols in the management of peptic ulcer. Vol. 21, World Journal of Gastroenterology. WJG Press; 2015. p. 6499–517. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v21.i21.6499
Prayoga DK, Aulifa DL, Budiman A, Levita J. Plants with Anti-Ulcer Activity and Mechanism: A Review of Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Vol. 18, Drug Design, Development and Therapy. Dove Medical Press Ltd; 2024. p. 193–213. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/DDDT.S446949
Elvira-Torales LI, Martín-Pozuelo G, González-Barrio R, Navarro-González I, Pallarés FJ, Santaella M, et al. Ameliorative effect of spinach on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease induced in rats by a high-fat diet. Int J Mol Sci. el 1 de abril de 2019;20(7). DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20071662
Zhang J, Ning J, Hao X, Han X, Fu W, Gong Y, et al. Glucagon-like peptide-2 protects the gastric mucosa via regulating blood flow and metabolites. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). el 16 de diciembre de 2022;13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.1036559
Ko SH, Park JH, Kim SY, Lee SW, Chun SS, Park E. Antioxidant effects of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) supplementation in hyperlipidemic rats. Prev Nutr Food Sci. marzo de 2014;19(1):19–26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3746/pnf.2014.19.1.019
Oh TY, Lee JS, Ahn BO, Cho H, Kim WB, Kim YB, et al. Oxidative stress is more important than acid in the pathogenesis of reflux oesophagitis in rats [Internet]. Vol. 49, Gut. 2001. Disponible en: www.gutjnl.com DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.49.3.364
Mehmood A, Zeb A, Ateeq MK. In vivo antidiabetic effects of phenolic compounds of spinach, mustard, and cabbage leaves in mice. Heliyon. el 1 de junio de 2023;9(6). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16616
Bilski R, Nuszkiewicz J. Antioxidant Therapies as Emerging Adjuncts in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Targeting Oxidative Stress to Enhance Treatment Outcomes. Int J Mol Sci [Internet]. el 21 de marzo de 2025;26(7):2873. Disponible en: https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/26/7/2873 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26072873
Flores-Estrada J, Cano-Martínez A, Vargas-González Á, Castrejón-Téllez V, Cornejo-Garrido J, Martínez-Rosas M, et al. Hepatoprotective Mechanisms Induced by Spinach Methanolic Extract in Rats with Hyperglycemia—An Immunohistochemical Analysis. Antioxidants. el 1 de noviembre de 2023;12(11). DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12112013
Ewais O, Abdel-Tawab H, El-Fayoumi H, Aboelhadid SM, Al-Quraishy S, Falkowski P, et al. Administration of Ethanolic Extract of Spinacia oleracea Rich in Omega-3 Improves Oxidative Stress and Goblet Cells in Broiler Chickens Infected with Eimeria tenella. Molecules. el 1 de septiembre de 2023;28(18). DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28186621
Ji N, Pan S, Shao C, Chen Y, Zhang Z, Wang R, et al. Spinacetin Suppresses the Mast Cell Activation and Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis in Mouse Model. Front Pharmacol. el 30 de julio de 2018;9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2018.00824
Downloads
Published
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Nutrición Clínica y Dietética Hospitalaria
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Los lectores pueden utilizar los textos publicados de acuerdo con la definición BOAI (Budapest Open Access Initiative)
How to Cite
