Gut Microbiota and its Relationship with the Gut-Lung Axis: Clinical and Pathophysiological Implications
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12873/453martinez2Keywords:
Gut microbiota; Gut-lung axis; Mucosal immunity; Respiratory diseases; Asthma; COPD; COVID-19; Dysbiosis; Probiotics; Systemic inflammation.Abstract
Introduction: The gut microbiota has emerged as a key modulator of immune responses, and its interaction with the respiratory tract via the gut-lung axis is increasingly recognized. Methods: A narrative review was conducted using literature published between 2014 and 2024 from PubMed, Scopus, and SciELO, using terms related to “microbiota,” “gut-lung axis,” “asthma,” “COPD,” and “COVID-19.” Results: Alterations in gut microbiota influence respiratory diseases such as asthma, COPD, cystic fibrosis, and COVID-19, which in turn can alter gut microbial composition. Mechanisms include migration of bacterial metabolites, systemic immune activation, and fungal dysbiosis. In addition, studies show a higher incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in COPD patients, suggesting shared inflammatory pathways. Conclusions: Modulating gut microbiota represents a promising therapeutic strategy for improving respiratory health. Understanding the gut-lung axis may support targeted interventions in both pediatric and adult medicine.
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