Evaluation of nutritional status and diet quality in two rural communities, Puebla, Mexico.

Abstract

Introduction: Currently, Mexico is going through healthy and nutritional problems in its population, as a consequence of the alimentary transition. The National Survey on Health and Nutrition (ENSANUT 2018) reported a 75.2% of obesity and overweight prevalence, just as the high prevalence of associated diseases, never the less, there is no specific report on rural communities, as well as an analysis on the quality of the diet and the intake of micro and macronutrients.
Objective: Carry out a diagnosis of the nutritional status, diet quality and mushroom consumption profile in inhabitants of rural communities Santiago Coltzingo and San Miguel Tianguistenco, Puebla, Mexico.
Methods: Anthropometric measurements were made, as well as biochemical parameters and blood pressure. Through the clinical-nutritional history and 24-hour recall, the energy intake of macronutrients and micronutrients was evaluated.
Results: We evaluated 72 people aged 46.58 ±14.73 years. Based on the BMI, 90.3% of the volunteers were overweight and obese. The waist-hip ratio means (0.96, 0.92) and waist circumferences (99.3 cm, 97.8 cm) indicates a higher cardiovascular risk in males and females respectively. The hypertriglyceridemia (72.2%) was the most frequent on both sexes, followed by hyperglycemia (58.3%) and hypercholesterolemia (38.9%). The 15.3% had hypertension. There is an excess in the consumption of energy, fat and cholesterol, as well as a low intake of fiber, vitamins B6, B9, calcium, potassium, selenium and zinc. There is a low consumption of recommended foods and a high consumption of non-recommended foods. The consumption of mushrooms is low.
Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of overweight, obesity and cardiovascular risk in the rural communities of Santiago Coltzingo and San Miguel Tianguistenco, there is no adequate quality of the diet. Strategies to improve nutrition in rural areas in Mexico are a priority.