Dietary Intake of Macro and Micro-Minerals among Participants with Alexithymia in Jordan: A Cross-Sectional Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12873/442ibrahimPalabras clave:
Alexithymia, Minerals, TAS-20, Dietary intakeResumen
Introduction: Alexithymia is a condition characterized by inability in explaining and describing feelings, distinguishing bodily sensations, and expressing feelings toward others. The relationships between alexithymia and dietary intakes of minerals among Jordanian people have not been well-characterized. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the associations between dietary intakes of macro- and micro-minerals and alexithymia.
Methods: Seven hundred and fifty three Jordanian adults completed face-to-face interviews through cross-sectional study conducted among voluntary participants aged 18-64 years. Every participant was asked to fill in questionnaires regarding their socio-demographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, and dietary intakes. The 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) was used for measuring alexithymia among participants. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS (version 25). Statistical significance was set at p-value <0.05.
Results: Findings of the study indicated that about 10.4% of Jordanian adults classified with having alexithymia with scores of (TAS-20) Scale ≥ 61. Females, participants with monthly incomes higher than 700 JOD, participants with low educational levels, and obese participants scored significantly higher scores of (TAS-20) scale in comparison to other groups for each variable. Odds ratios for associations between alexithymia quartiles of dietary intake of minerals were calculated after adjusting for gender, education level, physical activity, and BMI. By comparing highest intake (Quartile 4) with the lowest intake (Quartile 1), adjusted odds ratios have shown that two macro-minerals (calcium and magnesium) and three micro-minerals (iron, zinc, and selenium) have significant negative association with alexithymia.
Conclusion: The distribution of alexithymia among Jordanian adults was very low. Mental conditions require appropriate dietary interventions that assure the maintaining of healthy weight and the consumption of adequate intakes of nutrients especially macro- and micro-minerals. Further observational and experimental studies are highly recommended to explore the role of action and specific mechanisms of these minerals with mental conditions such as alexithymia.
Citas
Shank LM, Tanofsky-Kraff M, Kelly NR, et al. The association between alexithymia and eating behavior in children and adolescents. Appetite. 2019;142:104381. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2019.104381.
Salminen JK, Saarijarvi S, Aarela E, Toikka T, Kauhanen J. Prevalence of alexithymia and its association with sociodemographic variables in the general population of Finland. J Psychosom Res. 1999;46(1):75–82.
Terock J, Klinger-König J, Janowitz D, Nauck M, Völzke H, Grabe HJ. Alexithymia is associated with increased all-cause mortality risk in men, but not in women: A 10-year follow-up study. J Psychosom Res. 2021;143:110372. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.
110372
Aljaffer MA, Almadani AH, Alghamdi SA, et al. Prevalence and associated factors of alexithymia among medical students: A crosssectional study from Saudi Arabia. Neurosciences (Riyadh). 2022;27(4):257-262. doi:10.17712/nsj.2022.4.20220049.
Alzahrani SH, Coumaravelou S, Mahmoud I, Beshawri J, Algethami M. Prevalence of alexithymia and associated factors among medical students at King Abdulaziz University: a crosssectional study. Ann Saudi Med. 2020;40(1):55-62. doi:10.5144/ 0256-4947.2020.55
Pinna F, Sanna L, Carpiniello B. Alexithymia in eating disorders: therapeutic implications. Psychol Res Behav Manag. 2014;8:1-15. Published 2014 Dec 22. doi:10.2147/PRBM.S52656
Jacka FN, Kremer PJ, Berk M, et al. A prospective study of diet quality and mental health in adolescents. PLoS One. 2011;6(9): e24805. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0024805
Jacka FN, O’Neil A, Opie R, et al. A randomised controlled trial of dietary improvement for adults with major depression (the ‘SMILES’ trial) [published correction appears in BMC Med. 2018 Dec 28;16(1):236]. BMC Med. 2017;15(1):23. Published 2017 Jan 30. doi:10.1186/s12916-017-0791-y
Lassale C, Batty GD, Baghdadli A, et al. Healthy dietary indices and risk of depressive outcomes: a systematic review and metaanalysis of observational studies. Mol Psychiatry. 2019;24(7):965986. doi:10.1038/s41380-018-0237-8
Kris-Etherton PM, Petersen KS, Hibbeln JR, et al. Nutrition and behavioral health disorders: depression and anxiety. Nutr Rev.
;79(3):247-260. doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuaa025
Blampied M, Bell C, Gilbert C, Rucklidge JJ. Broad spectrum micronutrient formulas for the treatment of symptoms of depression, stress, and/or anxiety: a systematic review. Expert Rev Neurother. 2020;20(4):351-371. doi:10.1080/14737175.2020.1740595
Totten MS, Davenport TS, Edwards LF, Howell JM. Trace Minerals and Anxiety: A Review of Zinc, Copper, Iron, and Selenium. Dietetics. 2023; 2(1):83-103. https://doi.org/10.3390/dietet ics2010008
Hamaideh SH. Alexithymia among Jordanian university students: Its prevalence and correlates with depression, anxiety, stress, and demographics. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 2018; 54(2):274280. doi:10.1111/ppc.12234
Mushtaq S, Mazhar H, Khalid S, et al. Role of nutrition in depression. J Psychol Clin Psychiatry. 2020;11(5):127‒135.
Honkalampi K, Ruusunen A, Viinamäki H, Koivumaa-Honkanen H, Valkonen-Korhonen M, Lehto SM. Dietary patterns are associated with the prevalence of alexithymia. Scand J Psychol. 2017;58(4): 318-323. doi:10.1111/sjop.12370
Honkalampi K, Hintikka J, Laukkanen E, Lehtonen J, Viinamäki H. Alexithymia and depression: a prospective study of patients with major depressive disorder. Psychosomatics 2001;42(3):229–34.
World Health Organization (WHO). Report of the Joint WHO/FAO Expert Consultation on Diet, Nutrition and the Prevention of
Chronic Diseases, World Health Organization: Geneva, Switzerland,
Available online: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/ 10665/42665/WHO_TRS_916.pdf.
Tayyem RF, Abu-Mweis SS, Bawadi HA, Agraib L, Bani- Hani K. Validation of a Food Frequency Questionnaire to assess macronutrient and micronutrient intake among Jordanians. J Acad Nutr Diet 2014; 114(7): 1046-1052.
Pellet P, Shadarevian S. The Food Composition Tables for Use in the Middle East. 3rd, AUB, Lebanon, Heidelberg, 2013.
GBD Risk Factor Collaborators. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet 2018, 392, 1923–1994.
Godos J, Currenti W, Angelino D, et al. Diet and Mental Health: Review of the Recent Updates on Molecular Mechanisms. Antioxidants (Basel). 2020;9(4):346. Published 2020 Apr 23. doi:10.3390/antiox9040346
Whiteford HA, Degenhardt L, Rehm J, et al. Global burden of disease attributable to mental and substance use disorders: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet. 2013; 382(9904):1575-1586. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61611-6
Qaisy LM, Abu Darwish MA. The Relationship between Alexithymia and Attachment Styles among University Students. World Journal
of Education. 2018; 8 (5):104-111. URL: https://doi.org/10.5430/ wje.v8n5p104
Gilbert P, McEwan K, Catarino F, Baião R, Palmeira L. Fears of happiness and compassion in relationship with depression, alexithymia, and attachment security in a depressed sample. Br J Clin Psychol. 2014;53(2):228-244. doi:10.1111/bjc.12037
Obeid S, Akel M, Haddad C, et al. Factors associated with alexithymia among the Lebanese population: results of a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychol. 2019;7(1):80. Published 2019 Dec 11. doi:10.1186/s40359-019-0353-5
Kokkonen P, Karvonen JT, Veijola J, et al. Prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of alexithymia in a population sample of young adults. Compr Psychiatry. 2001;42(6):471-476. doi:10.1053 /comp.2001.27892
Alharthi AM, Almasoudi MA, Alotaibi MB, Jalaladdin MS, Shatla MM. Prevalence of Alexithymia and the influencing factors among medical students at Umm Al-Qura University: A cross-sectional study. Medical Science. 2022; 26(119), ms26e1947. DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54905/disssi/v26i119/ms26e1947
Aleisa MA, Abdullah NS, Alqahtani AAA, Aleisa JAJ, Algethami MR, Alshahrani NZ. Association between Alexithymia and Depression among King Khalid University Medical Students: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare (Basel). 2022;10(9):1703. Published 2022 Sep 6. doi:10.3390/healthcare10091703
Zielińska M, Łuszczki E, Dereń K. Dietary Nutrient Deficiencies and Risk of Depression (Review Article 2018-2023). Nutrients. 2023;15(11):2433. Published 2023 May 23. doi:10.3390/nu15 112433
Shayganfard M. Are Essential Trace Elements Effective in Modulation of Mental Disorders? Update and Perspectives. Biol
Trace Elem Res. 2022;200(3):1032-1059. doi:10.1007/s12011-021-02733-y
Du C, Hsiao PY, Ludy MJ, Tucker RM. Relationships between Dairy and Calcium Intake and Mental Health Measures of Higher Education Students in the United States: Outcomes from Moderation Analyses. Nutrients. 2022;14(4):775. Published 2022 Feb 12. doi:10.3390/nu14040775
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Categorías
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2024 Nutrición Clínica y Dietética Hospitalaria
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
Los lectores pueden utilizar los textos publicados de acuerdo con la definición BOAI (Budapest Open Access Initiative)
