Association between metabolic syndrome and daily total energy expenditure in adults: A cross-sectional analysis of Peruvian dwellers.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12873/442guerraKeywords:
Energy Expenditure, Energy Expenditure [Mesh], Body Composition [Mesh], Metabolic Syndrome [Mesh]Abstract
Introduction: Total energy expenditure (TEE) is crucial in energy balance and body weight regulation, yet its relationship with metabolic health phenotypes has been underexplored. Recently, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) in the United States published updated regression equations, validated with doubly labeled water, providing precise tools for clinical application.
Objective: To analyze the association between metabolic health phenotypes and TEE in the adult population of Peru aged 30-59 years.
Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted using data from the PERU MIGRANT study. Participants between 30-59 years old with no history of diabetes or hypertension were included. TEE was estimated using IOM equations (2023), expressed in kcal/day, kcal/kg, and kcal/kg of fat-free mass (FFM). Metabolic phenotypes were defined based on BMI and metabolic health, considering metabolic alteration as ≥2 cardio-metabolic risk factors. A generalized linear model with identity link and Gaussian family was employed to obtain crude and adjusted beta coefficients with 95% confidence intervals.
Results: The study included 700 participants; 53.86% were women, and the average age was 43.44 (8.41) years. Phenotype prevalence was 29.57%, 13.00%, 12.57%, and 44.86% for metabolically healthy lean, metabolically unhealthy lean, metabolically healthy overweight-obese, and metabolically unhealthy overweight-obese, respectively. Multiple regression revealed a significant increase in absolute TEE in obesity phenotypes in both sexes. However, relative TEE to total and FFM showed negative associations in overweight-obese phenotypes, with variations between sexes.
Conclusions: Regardless of metabolic status, overweight-obesity phenotypes were positively associated with TEE. Conversely, these phenotypes showed an inverse relationship with both relative TEE to total mass and relative TEE to FFM.
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