Prevalence of high blood pressure and association with anthropometric, body composition and lifestyle variables in adolescents in a city in northeast Brazil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12873/452meloKeywords:
adolescent, Blood pressure, LifestyleAbstract
Objective: To assess the prevalence of high blood pressure (HBP) in adolescents and its association with lifestyle, anthropometric profile, and body composition.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted with adolescents aged 12 to 19 years from public schools in Recife, between March and April 2013. HBP was defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) > 120 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) > 80 mmHg. Sociodemographic, clinical, anthropometric, and body composition data were collected, and lifestyle was assessed by dietary intake and physical activity.Results: A total of 410 adolescents participated in the study, 60% of whom were female and 63.2% were ≥ 15 years old. The majority (60%) were from a low socioeconomic status. The prevalence of HBP was 48.8%, being higher in male adolescents (PR 1.59), aged ≥ 15 years (PR 1.7) and in pubertal stage (PR 1.03). Excess weight (BMI/A) affected 27.9% of adolescents, abdominal obesity (assessed by waist circumference) was observed in 16.6%, and excessive body fat in 45.0%. All these nutritional disorders were associated with HBP. In the adjusted analysis, factors such as male gender (adjusted PR: 1.61), abdominal obesity (adjusted PR: 1.41) and overweight (adjusted PR: 1.31) showed a significant association with HBP. For male adolescents, age, height and waist circumference explained almost 50% of the variation in SBP (adjusted R2 = 0.482; p<0.001). For girls, BMI/A explained 13% of the variation in SBP (adjusted R2 = 0.135; p<0.001). Conclusion: It is concluded that there is a high prevalence of HBP, strongly associated with excess weight and male gender. Therefore, prevention and control actions should be primarily directed at this group.
References
1. PAHO. NCDs at a Glance: Noncommunicable Disease Mortality and Risk Factor Prevalence in the Americas. 2019.
2. BARROSO, W. K. S. et al. Diretrizes Brasileiras de Hipertensão Arterial – 2020. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, v.116, n.3, p.516-658, 2021.
3. HAO, G.; WANG, X.; TREIBER, F. A.; HARSHFIELD, G. et al. Blood Pressure Trajectories From Childhood to Young Adulthood Associated With Cardiovascular Risk: Results From the 23-Year Longitudinal Georgia Stress and Heart Study. Hypertension, 69, n. 3, p. 435-442, Mar 2017.
4. EWALD, D. R.; HALDEMAN, L. A. Risk Factors in Adolescent Hypertension. Global pediatric health, v.3, 2016.
5. Update on the 1987 Task Force Report on High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents: A Working Group Report from the National High Blood Pressure Education Program. Pediatrics, v.98, n.4, p.649-658, 1996.
6. BLOCH, K. V.; KLEIN, C. H.; SZKLO, M.; KUSCHNIR, M. C. C. et al. ERICA: prevalences of hypertension and obesity in Brazilian adolescents. Revista de Saúde Pública, 50, n. suppl 1, 2016.
7. Précoma DB, Oliveira GMM, Simão AF, Dutra OP, Coelho OR, Izar MCO, et al. Atualização da Diretriz de Prevenção Cardiovascular da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia – 2019. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2019; [online]. ahead print, PP.0-0.
8. TANNER, J. Growth at adolescence. : Blackwell Scientific Publication Oxford 1962.
9. ZHANG, C.-X.; SHI, J.-D.; HUANG, H.-Y.; FENG, L.-M.; MA, J. Nutritional status and its relationship with blood pressure among children and adolescents in South China. European Journal of Pediatrics, 171, n. 7, p. 1073-1079, 2012/07/01 2012.
10. WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. Development of a WHO growth reference for school-aged children and adolescentes. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, v. 85, p. 660-667, 2007.
11. TAYLOR, R. W.; JONES, I. E.; WILLIAMS, S. M.; GOULDING, A. Evaluation of waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and the conicity index as screening tools for high trunk fat mass, as measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, in children aged 3-19 y. Am J Clin Nutr, 72, n. 2, p. 490-495, Aug 2000.
12. PELEGRINI, A.; SILVA, D. A. S.; SILVA, J. M. F. D. L.; GRIGOLLO, L.; PETROSKI, E. L. Indicadores antropométricos de obesidade na predição de gordura corporal elevada em adolescentes. Revista Paulista de Pediatria, 33, n. 1, p. 56-62, 2015.
13. ASHWELL, M.; HSIEH, S. D. Six reasons why the waist-to-height ratio is a rapid and effective global indicator for health risks of obesity and how its use could simplify the international public health message on obesity. Int J Food Sci Nutr, 56, n. 5, p. 303-307, Aug 2005.
14. LOHMAN , T. G.; ROCHE, A. F.; MARTORELL, R. Anthropometric standardization reference manual. 1988.
15. FLORINDO, A. A.; ROMERO, A.; PERES, S. V.; SILVA, M. V. D.; SLATER, B. Desenvolvimento e validação de um questionário de avaliação da atividade física para adolescentes. Revista de Saúde Pública, 40, n. 5, p. 802-809, 2006.
16. PATE, R. R.; FREEDSON, P. S.; SALLIS, J. F.; TAYLOR, W. C. et al. Compliance with physical activity guidelines: prevalence in a population of children and youth. Ann Epidemiol, 12, n. 5, p. 303-308, Jul 2002.
17. PITANGA, F. J. G.; ALVES, C. F. A.; PAMPONET, M. L.; MEDINA, M. G.; AQUINO, R. Tempo de tela como discriminador de excesso de peso, obesidade e obesidade abdominal em adolescentes. Brazilian Journal of Kinanthropometry and Human Performance, 18, n. 5, p. 539, 2016.
18. Tabagismo: Foi considerado tabagista o adolescente que relatou fumar quatro ou mais cigarros por dia, conforme critérios do Ministério da Saúde (MS, 2016): MINISTÉRIO DA SAÚDE. Portaria nº 761, de 21 de junho de 2016. Disponível em: https://www.inca.gov.br/sites/ufu.sti.inca.local/files//media/document//portaria-n-761-de-21-de-junho-de-2016.pdf. Acesso em: 20 jun. 2022.- Ou BRASIL. Ministério da Saúde. Portaria nº 118, quarta-feira, 22 de junho de 2016.
19. TOMIYA, M. T. O.; CABRAL, P. C.; DE ARRUDA, I. K. G.; DA SILVA DINIZ, A. Association between diet quality index, food and nutrient intake and metabolic parameters in adolescents from Recife, northeastern Brazil. British Journal of Nutrition, 128, n. 3, p. 477-486, 2022.
20. (Bezerra et al., 2021): Oliveira et al., Birthweight, postnatal growth and blood pressure in adolescents of low socio economic condition: a cohort study in Northe ast Brazil. Jornal de Pediatria. v.99, I. 4; p. 391-398; 2023.
21. QIN, Z. et al. Association of socioeconomic status with hypertension prevalence and control in Nanjing: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. v.22, p.423, 2022.
22. WÓJCIK, M.; STARZYK, J. B.; DROŻDŻ, M.; DROŻDŻ, D. Effects of Puberty on Blood Pressure Trajectories - Underlying Processes. Curr Hypertens Rep, 25, n. 7, p. 117-125, Jul 2023.
23. LI, Y.; DONG, Y.; ZOU, Z.; GAO, D. et al. Association between pubertal development and elevated blood pressure in children. The Journal of Clinical Hypertension, 23, n. 8, p. 1498-1505, 2021.
24. FONSECA, P. C. A.; RIBEIRO, S. A. V.; ANDREOLI, C. S.; DE CARVALHO, C. A. et al. Association of exclusive breastfeeding duration with consumption of ultra-processed foods, fruit and vegetables in Brazilian children. Eur J Nutr, 58, n. 7, p. 2887-2894, Oct 2019.
25. TOZO, T. A.; PEREIRA, B. O.; MENEZES, F. J. D.; MONTENEGRO, C. M. et al. Medidas Hipertensivas em Escolares: Risco da Obesidade Central e Efeito Protetor da Atividade Física Moderada-Vigorosa. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, 115, n. 1, p. 42-49, 2020.
26. CRUZ, N. R. C.; CARDOSO, P. C.; FROSSARD, T. N. S. V.; FERREIRA, F. D. O. et al. Waist circumference as high blood pressure predictor in school age children. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 24, n. 5, p. 1885-1893, 2019.
27. MORATOYA, E., CARVALHAES, G., WANDER, A., ALMEIDA, L. Mudanças no padrão de consumo alimentar no Brasil e no mundo. Revista de Política Agrícola. n.1 22, 2013.
28. TREMBLAY, M. S.; LEBLANC, A. G.; KHO, M. E.; SAUNDERS, T. J. et al. Systematic review of sedentary behaviour and health indicators in school-aged children and youth. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 8, n. 1, p. 98, 2011/09/21 2011.
29. OLIVEIRA, A. V. D.; COSTA, A. C. P. D. J.; PASCOAL, L. M.; SANTOS, L. H. D. et al. Correlation between antrhopometric indicators and blood pressure in adolescents. Texto & Contexto - Enfermagem, 23, n. 4, p. 995-1003, 2014.
30. RIMÁROVÁ, K.; DORKO, E.; DIABELKOVÁ, J.; SULINOVÁ, Z. et al. Anthropometric predictors of systolic and diastolic blood pressure considering intersexual differences in a group of selected schoolchildren. Cent Eur J Public Health, 26 Suppl, p. S4-s11, Dec 2018.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Nutrición Clínica y Dietética Hospitalaria
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Los lectores pueden utilizar los textos publicados de acuerdo con la definición BOAI (Budapest Open Access Initiative)
