Oncologic Pathway on Colon Cancer: A Scoping Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12873/434happyKeywords:
oncologic pathway; signaling; oncogenic; colon cancer; CRCAbstract
Introduction: The second-leading cause of death worldwide is colon cancer that affects the the gastrointestinal tract. The development of colon cancer therapies frequently uses this signaling pathway as a therapeutic target since oncologic pathways have a significant impact on the incidence. Colon cancer and diet are linked by the Western lifestyle, specifically related to hyperactivity of oncologic pathways.
Method: This scoping review gives information regarding the oncologic pathways and nutrition that involved in colon cancer and has been written following the Preferred
Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. The literature search was conducted using the search string main keyword “oncogenic” and “colon cancer”.
Results: Nineteen studies were included. The outcomes of interest are induced proliferation, inhibited apoptosis, promoted invasion-metastasis, and angiogenesis. Based on the outcomes of interest, there are several oncologic pathways: WNT/β-catenin, PI3K/AKT, RAS/RAF/MAPK, JAK/STAT, TGF-β, ErbB, NF-kB, HGF/MET, and JNK pathway. Based on the nutrition related to oncologic pathway, there are high intake red meat, high-fat, and low-fiber.
Discussion: Each oncologic pathway has its mechanism, and some have similarities in triggering tumorigenesis. Increased proliferation is due to increased cell cycle activity and decreased tumor suppressor genes. Inhibition of apoptosis is caused by inhibiting caspase activity and pro-apoptotic proteins. Metastasis and angiogenesis are caused due to increased expression of EMT and MMP proteins.
Conclusion: Colon cancer can be affected by certain oncologic pathway with separate mechanism. Besides that, nutrition also affects the hyperactivation of oncologic pathways, thereby increasing the risk of colon cancer.
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