Recientes avances en la comprensión del eje intestino-sistema endocrino
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12873/Palavras-chave:
microbiota intestinal, eje intestino-endocrino, SCFAs, metabolismo, hormonas, disbiosisResumo
Introducción: La microbiota intestinal ha emergido como un actor clave en la regulación endocrina sistémica. Su interacción con el sistema endocrino da lugar al llamado eje intestino-endocrino, que influye en la homeostasis metabólica, la función tiroidea, la secreción de insulina y la regulación del eje hipotálamo-hipófisis-adrenal.
Objetivo: Explorar los avances recientes en el entendimiento del eje intestino-sistema endocrino y sus implicaciones clínicas. Método: Revisión narrativa de la literatura científica publicada entre 2019 y 2025 en bases de datos como PubMed, Scopus y Web of Science. Se analizaron artículos originales, revisiones sistemáticas y ensayos clínicos sobre microbiota y regulación endocrina. Resultados: Se identificaron mecanismos clave de comunicación entre la microbiota y el sistema endocrino, incluyendo metabolitos como ácidos grasos de cadena corta (SCFAs), derivados del triptófano y endotoxinas que modulan la secreción hormonal. Se observó influencia de la microbiota en la resistencia a la insulina, disfunción tiroidea, obesidad y eje HHA. Conclusiones: El eje intestino-endocrino representa una nueva dimensión en la fisiopatología de trastornos metabólicos y endocrinos, abriendo puertas a intervenciones terapéuticas basadas en la modulación de la microbiota.
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