Double burden of malnutrition, body composition and proportion in schoolchildren in the peri-urban of Guaymallén, Mendoza
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12873/404garrazaKeywords:
Weight excess, Chronic undernutrition, Muscular tissue, Adipose tissue, ArgentinaAbstract
Introduction: The double burden of malnutrition can occur in a region, household or even in the same child. Within the same country there are variations in the prevalence of nutritional status according to the degree of urbanization and the socio-economic level. Urban population of the metropolitan area of Mendoza growth 11% during the intercensal period 2001-2010. This expansion of urban and cultivation areas took place in an unplanned way.
Objective: To analyze the nutritional status, body composition and proportion of children residing in the metropolitan area of Mendoza, specifically in the peri-urban area of the department of Guaymallén.
Methods: A cross-sectional anthropometric study was carried out in 1451 schoolchildren. The nutritional status, composition and proportion were evaluated using the NHANES III reference. The socio-economic and environmental variables were surveyed using a self-administered structured questionnaire.
Results: Were found 8.3% of undernutrition, 28.3% of excess weight, and 63.4% of adequate nutritional status. The 55.5% of the children with chronic malnutrition had shortened lower limbs. The analysis of body composition showed a reduction in the muscle mass of undernourished children, and also in children with excess weight or adequate nutritional status. Lastly, an increase in the adipose tissue was observed in children with adequate nutritional status and those with excess weight. Socio-economic and environmental analysis indicated low level of formal employment of the parents; and deficiencies in the access to public services i.e sewage system and piped gas.
Conclusion: The child population of Guaymallén presents a double burden of malnutrition, where excess weight prevails over undernutrition. The high stunting and the shortening of the lower limbs show that these children have been exposed to prolonged environmental stress to which is now added a decrease in muscle tissue.
References
Wells JC, Sawaya AL, Wibaek R, Mwangome M, Poullas MS, Yajnik CS, Demaio A. The double burden of malnutrition: aetiological pathways and consequences for health. The Lancet. 2020; 395(10217):75-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32472-9
Popkin BM, Corvalán C, Grummer-Strawn LM. Dynamics of the double burden of malnutrition and the changing nutrition reality. The Lancet. 2020; 395(10217):65-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32497-3
FAO, OPS, WFP, UNICEF. Panorama de la seguridad alimentaria y nutricional en América Latina y el Caribe 2019. Santiago, Chile: Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura (FAO), Organización Panamericana de la Salud (OPS), Programa Mundial de Alimentos (WFP,) Fondo de las Naciones Unidas para la Infancia (UNICEF). 2019. Disponible en: https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/51685
Rivera JÁ, de Cossío TG, Pedraza LS, Aburto TC, Sánchez TG, Martorell R. Childhood and adolescent overweight and obesity in Latin America: a systematic review. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology. 2014; 2(4):321-332. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(13)70173-6
Corvalán C, Garmendia ML, Jones-Smith J, Lutter CK, Miranda JJ, Pedraza LS, Popkin BM, Ramirez-Zea M, Salvo D, Stein AD. Nutrition status of children in Latin America. Obesity Reviews. 2017; 18(S2):7-18. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12571
Jaacks LM, Slining MM, Popkin BM. Recent trends in the prevalence of under- and overweight among adolescent girls in low- and middle-income countries. Pediatric Obesity. 2015; 10(6):428-435. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijpo.12000
Shamah-Levy TT, Cuevas-Nasu L, Gaona-Pineda EB, Gómez-Acosta LM, Morales-Ruán MC, Hernández-Ávila M, Rivera-Dommarco JÁ. Sobrepeso y obesidad en niños y adolescentes en México, actualización de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición de Medio Camino 2016. salud publica mex. 2018; 60(3):244-253. https://doi.org/10.21149/8815
Oyhenart EE, Dahinten SL, Alba JA, Alfaro EL, Bejarano IF, Cabrera GE, Cesani MF, Dipierri JE, Forte LM, Lomaglio DB, Luis MA, Luna ME, Marrodán MD, Moreno Romero S, Orden AB, Quintero FA, Sicre ML, Torres MF, Verón JA, Zavatti JR. Estado nutricional infanto juvenil en seis provincias de Argentina: variación regional. Rev Arg Antrop Biol. 2008; 10(1):1-62.
Bergel Sanchís ML, Cesani MF, Oyhenart EE. Malnutrición infantil e inseguridad alimentaria como expresión de las condiciones socio-económicas familiares en Villaguay, Argentina (2010-2012). Un enfoque biocultural. Población y Salud en Mesoamérica. 2017; 14(2):1-25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/psm.v14i2.27305
Cordero ML, Cesani MF. Nutritional transition in schoolchildren from Tucumán, Argentina: a cross-sectional analysis of nutritional status and body composition. Am J Hum Biol. 2019; 31(4):e23257. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.23257
Garraza M, Cesani MF, Navone GT, Oyhenart EE. Malnutrition and body composition in urban and rural schoolchildren: a cross-sectional study in San Rafael, Mendoza (Argentina). Am J Hum Biol. 2016; 28(6):796-803. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.22869
DEIE. Dirección de Estadística e Investigaciones Económicas. Mendoza, Argentina: Gobierno de Mendoza. Ministerio de Economía y Energía; 2018. Disponible en: http://www.deie.mendoza.gov.ar/#!/
Mesa A, Giusso C. Modelos de urbanización en tierras de alta vulnerabilidad ambiental. Análisis de la ocupación de la periferia del área metropolitana de Mendoza. Cuaderno Urbano. Espacio, Cultura y Sociedad. 2014; 16(16):005-026.
Castillo A, Correa É, Cantón M. Geomorfología y forma urbana. Comportamiento térmico de distintas tramas en áreas de piedemonte: el caso de Mendoza, Argentina. EURE (Santiago). 2019; 45(136):183-207. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0250-71612019000300183
Bernabeu MM, Martín F. El periurbano recreado. Urbanizaciones cerradas como nuevos híbridos en el paisaje hídrico del Área Metropolitana de Mendoza, Argentina. Quid 16: Revista del Área de Estudios Urbanos. 2019; 16(11):55-85.
Marsonet P, Morgani R, Rizzo P. La producción informal del espacio urbano en Mendoza. IX Jornadas de Sociología. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; 2011. Disponible en: http://cdsa.aacademica.org/000-034/861.pdf
D´Inca MV, Berón NM. Expansión urbana de ciudades intermedias: modelos de desarrollo y legislación. Reflexión a partir del caso del Gran Mendoza, Argentina. Geo UERJ. 2013; 24(1):256-284. doi: 10.12957/geouerj.2013.6916
Frisancho AR. Anthropometric standards: an interactive nutritional reference of body size and body composition for children and adults. Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Press; 2008. ISBN 13: 978-0-472-11591-4, ISBN 10: 0-472-11591-X
Oyhenart EE, Castro LE, Forte LM, Sicre ML, Quintero FA, Luis MA, Torres MF, Luna ME, Cesani MF, Orden AB. Socioenvironmental conditions and nutritional status in urban and rural schoolchildren. Am J Hum Biol. 2008; 20(4):399-405. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.20738
Navazo B, Oyhenart EE, Dahinten SL. Doble carga de malnutrición y nivel de bienestar socio-ambiental de escolares de la Patagonia argentina (Puerto Madryn, Chubut). Nutr clín diet hosp. 2019; 39(2):111-119. doi: 10.12873/392navazo
Oyhenart EE, Luis MA, Torres MF, Forte LM, Garraza M, Quintero FA, Bergel Sanchís ML, Navazo B, Luna ME, Cesani MF. El periurbano productivo de la ciudad de La Plata, Buenos Aires. Un espacio propicio para la malnutrición infanto-juvenil. Rev Arg Antrop Biol. 2020. (En Prensa).
Chowdhury TR, Chakrabarty S, Rakib M, Saltmarsh S, Davis KA. Socio-economic risk factors for early childhood underweight in Bangladesh. Global Health. 2018; 14:54-66. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-018-0372-7
Cociancic P, Torrusio SE, Zonta ML, Navone GT. Risk factors for intestinal parasitoses among children and youth of Buenos Aires, Argentina. One Health. 2020; 9, Article 100116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.onehlt.2019.100116
Hailegebriel T. Undernutrition, intestinal parasitic infection and associated risk factors among selected primary school children in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. BMC Infect Dis. 2018; 18, Article 394. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-018-3306-3
Garraza M, Oyhenart EE, Navone GT. Desnutrición y enteroparasitosis en escolares del departamento de Guaymallén, Mendoza. Nutr clín diet hosp. 2019; 39(1):120-127.
ENNyS 2. 2º Encuesta Nacional de Nutrición y Salud. Indicadores Priorizados. Buenos Aires, Argentina: Secretaria de Gobierno de Salud. Ministerio de Salud y Desarrollo Social. Presidencia de la Nación; 2019. Disponible en: http://www.msal.gob.ar/images/stories/bes/graficos/0000001602cnt-2019-10_encuesta-nacional-de-nutricion-y-salud.pdf
Bogin B, Varela-Silva MI. Leg length, body proportion, and health: a review with a note on beauty. [review]. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2010; 7(3):1047-1075. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph7031047
Muñoz-Esparza NC, Vásquez-Garibay EM, Larrosa-Haro A, Romero-Velarde E. Relationship of anthropometric indexes and indicators of body composition by arm anthropometry on hospitalized pediatric patients. Nutr Hosp. 2019; 36(3):611-617. http://dx.doi.org/10.20960/nh.2309
Oyhenart EE, Torres MF, Quintero FA, Luis MA, Cesani MF, Zucchi M, Orden AB. Estado nutricional y composición corporal de niños pobres residentes en barrios periféricos de La Plata, Argentina. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2007; 22(3):194-201. doi: 10.1590/s1020-49892007000800006
Oyhenart EE, Castro LE, Garraza M, Cesani MF, Torres MF, Quintero FA, Dahinten SL, Alfaro EL, Bejarano IF, Carrillo RA, Dip NB, Lomaglio D, Marrodán MD, Menecier N, Navazo B, Román EM, Zonta ML, Dipierri JE. Comparative study of mid-upper arm circumference, arm muscle area and arm fat area percentiles in Argentinean and US children aged 4-14 years. Nutr Hosp. 2019; 36(3):552-562. http://dx.doi.org/10.20960/nh.02426
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Nutrición Clínica y Dietética Hospitalaria
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Los lectores pueden utilizar los textos publicados de acuerdo con la definición BOAI (Budapest Open Access Initiative)
