Composición corporal, índice de masa corporal y envejecimiento biológico acelerado en mujeres beneficiarias de programas sociales en los andes del sur del Perú
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12873/Palavras-chave:
Composición corporal, índice de masa corporal y envejecimiento biológicoResumo
Introducción: El envejecimiento biológico acelerado representa un indicador clave del riesgo de enfermedades crónicas y deterioro funcional, especialmente en mujeres de zonas altoandinas con condiciones de pobreza. A diferencia de la edad cronológica, la edad biológica refleja el estado real de los sistemas fisiológicos y puede verse influida por la composición corporal, el sedentarismo, la malnutrición y factores socioculturales. Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre la composición corporal (porcentaje de grasa y masa muscular), el índice de masa corporal (IMC) y la edad biológica estimada en mujeres beneficiarias de programas sociales en la provincia de Andahuaylas, Perú. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal en mujeres adultas usuarias de programas sociales. Se midió la edad cronológica, el IMC y la composición corporal mediante bioimpedancia eléctrica (BIA), calculando la edad biológica estimada. Se clasificó el envejecimiento como saludable, esperado o acelerado. Se utilizó análisis de correlación y pruebas no paramétricas para evaluar asociaciones entre variables fisiológicas y tipo de envejecimiento. Resultados: El 43.3% de las mujeres presentó envejecimiento biológico acelerado, con diferencias significativas en el porcentaje de grasa corporal entre los grupos. Se encontró una correlación positiva moderada entre la edad biológica y el IMC (r = 0.74) y una correlación negativa fuerte entre edad biológica y masa muscular (r = –0.54). La edad cronológica no mostró asociación fuerte con estos indicadores. Conclusión: El IMC por sí solo no permite identificar con precisión el riesgo metabólico ni el envejecimiento acelerado. La composición corporal, en particular la masa muscular y el porcentaje de grasa, resulta determinante en la estimación de la edad biológica.
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