Effects of vitamin D supplementation on bone health in postmenopausal women
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12873/452guzmanKeywords:
Vitamina D, Postmenopausia, Densidad ósea, Osteoporosis, Postmenopausia.Abstract
Introduction: Osteoporosis affects approximately 33% of
women over the age of 50, and 4 out of 10 have associated fractures. Vitamin D is essential for bone homeostasis, but its efficacy in postmenopausal women shows contradictory results in the current scientific literature.
Objective: To synthesize the evidence on vitamin D sup
plementation in improving bone health in postmenopausal women over 50 years of age.
Material and methods: A semisystematic review was
conducted with search in MEDLINE, Web of Science and
SciELO (2014-2024), in English, Spanish and Portuguese.
Open studies on vitamin D and bone health in post
menopausal women older than 50 years were included. The design allowed the integration of heterogeneous evidence through narrative analysis, without meta-analysis, partially following PRISMA 2020.
Results: Of 511 articles identified, 10 studies (8 clinical tri
als and 2 prospective) were included after applying eligibility filters. Overall, supplementation with 400 IU daily vitamin D was found to improved bone biomarkers when combined with collagen and calcium. Higher doses (2,000 IU) raised serum 25(OH)D levels with no effect on muscle mass. In a clinical trial, prolonged supplementation reduced vertebral fractures (20% in osteoporosis, 12% in osteopenia). Fortified milk ma
trices benefited bone remodeling markers. The main adverse effects were hypercalciuria (30.6%) and renal lithiasis, mainly attributed to concomitant calcium.
Discussion: The efficacy of vitamin D in postmenopausal
women depends on baseline nutritional status, duration of treatment and dose administered. Isolated supplementation showed limited effects, while combinations with calcium and collagen peptides improved bone biomarkers.
Conclusion: Vitamin D improves bone health in post
menopausal women only in specific contexts, depending on serum levels, time postmenopause and combination with calcium or collagen, highlighting the need for personalized approaches.
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