Effects of a resistance training program on body composition and maximum strength in university students according to their baseline body mass index.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12873/413aravenaKeywords:
Anthropometry, Muscle Strength, Exercise, Students.Abstract
Introduction: Resistance training exercises must be adapted to people's characteristics and dosed individually to achieve maximum benefits.
Aim: To compare the effects of a resistance training program on body composition and maximum strength in physically active university students, according to their baseline body mass index (BMI).
Material and methods: Twenty-four Physical Education students completed a supervised resistance training program that lasted eight weeks (16 sessions). The students were previously distributed into a group below the mean BMI group (BMG; n = 11) and above the mean BMI group (AMG; n = 13). Body weight, height, BMI, body composition (adipose mass and muscle mass), and maximum upper body strength (bench press and military press), and lower body strength (parallel squat [45°] and deadlift) were measured through a one-repetition maximum (1RM).
Results: Fat mass decreased significantly (p< 0.05) with a small effect size (d< 0.30) in both groups (BMG and AMG). In contrast, muscle mass increased significantly (p= 0.008) only in AMG with a small effect size (d= 0.36). Maximum upper and lower body strength increased significantly (p< 0.05) with a small and moderate effect size (d< 0.80) in the BMG and AMG. Comparisons between the groups revealed no significant differences.
Conclusions: An eight-week resistance training program significantly reduces fat mass and a significant increase in maximal upper and lower body strength in physically active university students, independent of their baseline BMI. However, only AMG achieves a significant increase in muscle mass.
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