Gender difference in the relationship between metabolic syndrome and vitamin D in Korean adults with obesity.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12873/443yoonPalavras-chave:
'Vitamin D', '25(OH)D', 'Metabolic syndrome', 'Gender difference', 'Obesity'Resumo
Background: The present study was conducted to assess the relationship between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in Korean adults with or without obesity.
Materials and Methods: The study was performed using data from the sixth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VI, 2013-2014) and included Korean adults with or without obesity aged 20 years or older (n = 3,499).
Results: The key results of this study were as follows: first, after adjusting for related variables, the relationship between MetS and the odds ratio (OR) of vitamin D deficiency [25(OH)D < 10 ng/mL] was not significant in men, premenopausal women, and postmenopausal women without obesity. Second, in premenopausal women with obesity, the relationship between MetS and vitamin D deficiency was not significant (OR, 1.241; 95% CI, 0.551–2.797; p = 0.603). However, MetS was positively associated with vitamin D deficiency in men (OR, 1.839; 95% CI, 1.038–3.258; p = 0.037) and postmenopausal women (OR, 3.136; 95% CI, 1.316–7.470; p = 0.010) with obesity.
Conclusions: MetS was not associated with vitamin D deficiency in Korean men, and postmenopausal women without obesity. MetS was positively associated with vitamin D deficiency in Korean men and postmenopausal women with obesity but not in premenopausal women with obesity.
Referências
Obesity and overweight factsheets. World Health Organization. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight. Published 2021.
Ministry of Health Welfare and Family Affairs & Korea Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. 2013.
Allott EH, Hursting SD. Obesity and cancer: mechanistic insights from transdisciplinary studies. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2015;22:R365–386. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1530/ERC-15-0400.
Berger NA. Obesity and cancer pathogenesis. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2014;1311:57–76. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.12416.
Reaven GM. Role of insulin resistance in human disease (syndrome X): an expanded definition. Annu Rev Med. 1993;44:121–131. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.me.44.020193.001005.
Moukayed M, Grant WB. Linking the metabolic syndrome and obesity with vitamin D status: risks and opportunities for improving cardiometabolic health and well-being. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2019;12:1437–1447. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S176933.
Ford ES, Giles WH, Dietz WH. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among US adults: findings from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. JAMA. 2002;287:356–359. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.287.3.356.
Kim MH, Lee SH, Son DY, Kim SH, Joe H, Yoo BW, Cho CY, Shin HS, Cho YJ, Oh JE. The Change of Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence and Its Risk Factors in Korean Adults for Decade: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for 2008–2017. Korean J Fam Pract. 2020;10:44–52. Available at: https://doi.org/10.21215/kjfp.2020.10.1.44.
Norman AW. From vitamin D to hormone D: fundamentals of the vitamin D endocrine system essential for good health. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008;88:491–499. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/88.2.491S.
Bikle DD. Vitamin D metabolism, mechanism of action, and clinical applications. Chem Biol. 2014;21:319–319. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chembiol.2013.12.016.
Prentice A, Goldberg GR, Schoenmakers I. Vitamin D across the lifecycle: physiology and biomarkers. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008;88:500–506. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/88.2.500S.
Adams JS, Hewison M. Update in vitamin D. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010;95:471–478. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2009-1773.
Hollis BW. Assessment of vitamin D nutritional and hormonal status: what to measure and how to do it. Calcif Tissue Int. 1996;58:4–5. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02509538.
Eriksen EF, Glerup H. Vitamin D deficiency and aging: implications for general health and osteoporosis. Biogerontology. 2002;3:73–77. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1015263514765.
Wang H, Chen W, Li D, Yin X, Zhang X, Olsen N, Zheng SG. Vitamin D and Chronic Diseases. Aging Dis 2017;8:346–53. Available at: https://doi.org/10.14336/AD.2016.1021.
Muscogiuri G. Vitamin D: past, present and future perspectives in the prevention of chronic diseases. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2018;72:1221–1225. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-018-0261-4.
Gradillas-García A, Álvarez J, Rubio JA, de Abajo FJ. Relationship between vitamin D deficiency and metabolic syndrome in adult population of the Community of Madrid. Endocrinol Nutr. 2015;62:180–187. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.endonu.2014.12.008.
Miñambres I, Sánchez-Hernández J, Sánchez-Quesada JL, Rodríguez J, de Leiva A, Pérez A. The association of hypovitaminosis d with the metabolic syndrome is independent of the degree of obesity. ISRN Endocrinol. 2012;2012:691803. Available at: https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/691803.
Khader YS, Batieha A, Jaddou H, Batieha Z, El-Khateeb M, Ajlouni K. Relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and metabolic syndrome among Jordanian adults. Nutr Res Pract. 2011;5:132–139. Available at: https://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2011.5.2.132.
Hjelmesaeth J, Hofsø D, Aasheim ET, Jenssen T, Moan J, Hager H, Røislien J, Bollerslev J. Parathyroid hormone, but not vitamin D, is associated with the metabolic syndrome in morbidly obese women and men: a cross-sectional study. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2009;8:7. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2840-8-7.
Palacios C, Gonzalez L. Is vitamin D deficiency a major global public health problem? J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2014;144:138–145. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.11.003.
Kim SG, Kim GS, Lee JH, Moon AE, Yoon H. The relationship between vitamin D and estimated glomerular filtration rate and urine microalbumin/creatinine ratio in Korean adults. J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2018;62:94–99. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3164/jcbn.17-69.
WHO. Western Pacific Region. International Association for the Study of Obesity Task Force, The Asia-Pacific Perspective: Redefining Obesity and its Treatment, Health Communications Australia, Sydney, Australia. 2000:15–21.
Yoon H. Relationship between metabolic syndrome and metabolic syndrome score and insulin resistance and beta cell function in Korean adults with obesity. Korean J Clin Lab Sci. 2020;52:327–334. Available at: https://doi.org/10.15324/KJCLS.2020.52.4.327.
McGill AT, Stewart JM, Lithander FE, Strik CM, Poppitt SD. Relationships of low serum vitamin D3 with anthropometry and markers of the metabolic syndrome and diabetes in overweight and obesity. Nutr J. 2008;7:4. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-7-4.
Negi PC, Sondhi S, Merwaha R, Asotra S. Prevalence and risk determinants of metabolic syndrome in obese worksite workers in hill city of Himachal Pradesh, India. Indian Heart J. 2019;71:45–51. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ihj.2019.01.001.
Canale MP, Manca di Villahermosa S, Martino G, Rovella V, Noce A, De Lorenzo A, Di Daniele N. Obesity-related metabolic syndrome: mechanisms of sympathetic overactivity. Int J Endocrinol. 2013;2013:865965. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/865965.
Vranić L, Mikolašević I, Milić S. Vitamin D Deficiency: Consequence or Cause of Obesity? Medicina (Kaunas). 2019;55:541. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55090541.
Walsh JS, Bowles S, Evans AL. Vitamin D in obesity. Curr. Opin. Endocrinol. Diabetes Obes. 2017;24:389–394. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1097/MED.0000000000000371.
Mirhoseini M, Daemi H, Babaiee MM, Asadi-Samani M, Mirhoseini L, Sedehi M. The relationship between vitamin D deficiency and metabolic syndrome in obese individuals. J Renal Inj Prev. 2018;7: 275–279. Available at: https://doi.org/10.15171/jrip.2018.61.
Rueda S, Fernández-Fernández C, Romero F, Martínez de Osaba J, Vidal J. Vitamin D, PTH, and the metabolic syndrome in severely obese subjects. Obes Surg. 2008;18:151–154. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-007-9352-3.
Ghadieh R, Mattar Bou Mosleh J, Al Hayek S, Merhi S, El Hayek Fares J. The relationship between hypovitaminosis D and metabolic syndrome: a cross sectional study among employees of a private university in Lebanon. BMC Nutr. 2018;4:36. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-018-0243-x.
Kim MH, Lee J, Ha J, Jo K, Lim DJ, Lee JM, Chang SA, Kang MI, Cha BY. Gender specific association of parathyroid hormone and vitamin D with metabolic syndrome in population with preserved renal function. Sci Rep. 2018;8:1149. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-17397-9.
Majumdar V, Nagaraja D, Christopher R. Vitamin D status and metabolic syndrome in Asian Indians. Int J Obes (Lond). 2011;35:1131–1134. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2010.232.
Blaak E. Gender differences in fat metabolism. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 200;4:499–502. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1097/00075197-200111000-00006.
Atsma F, Bartelink ML, Grobbee DE, van der Schouw YT. Postmenopausal status and early menopause as independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis. Menopause. 2006;13:265–279. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1097/01.gme.0000218683.97338.ea.
Kamycheva E, Sundsfjord J, Jorde R. Serum parathyroid hormone level is associated with body mass index. The 5th tromso study. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 2004;151:167–172. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1510167.
Johnson LK, Hofsø D, Aasheim ET, Tanbo T, Holven KB, Andersen LF, Røislien J, Hjelmesæth J. Impact of gender on vitamin D deficiency in morbidly obese patients: a cross-sectional study. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2012;66:83–90. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2011.140.
Kanter R, Caballero B. Global gender disparities in obesity: a review. Adv Nutr. 2012;3:491–498. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3945/an.112.002063.
Morrow EH. The evolution of sex differences in disease. Biol Sex Differ. 2015;6:5. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13293-015-0023-0.
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Licença
Copyright (c) 2024 Nutrición Clínica y Dietética Hospitalaria
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Los lectores pueden utilizar los textos publicados de acuerdo con la definición BOAI (Budapest Open Access Initiative)
