Contenido de nutrientes críticos en sucedáneos de leche materna comercializada en Perú.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12873/451gartnerPalabras clave:
Sustitutos de la leche humana, Fórmulas Infantiles, Etiquetado de Alimentos, Azúcares, Sodio, Grasas, Ácidos Grasos transResumen
Introducción: La lactancia materna exclusiva (LME) es vital para el desarrollo infantil, pero su práctica ha disminuido. En Perú, aunque se promueve la LME, los sucedáneos de leche materna (SLM) han ganado terreno. La normativa sobre advertencias de nutrientes críticos sigue siendo debatida, impactando la salud infantil. Objetivo: Analizar el contenido de nutrientes críticos en SLM dirigidos a niños menores de 2 años, expendidos en Lima Metropolitana. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio transversal en 27 SLM. La recolección de datos se realizó de enero a junio del 2023 en establecimientos farmacéuticos, centros de abasto, hospitales y centros comerciales, a fin de verificar mediante un registro fotográfico la coincidencia entre la lista de cotejo y el etiquetado nutricional. Los datos fueron exportados al software estadístico JASP versión 0.17.2.1. Se presentó el contenido de sodio, azúcar total, grasas saturadas y grasas trans en 100 g del producto en polvo, en 100 ml del producto bebible y en 100 ml del producto reconstituido, y se comparó con los parámetros de nutrientes críticos establecidos para Perú. Resultados: En el total de SLM evaluados, el valor de azúcar es el que resalta, con una mediana de 7,50 g/100 ml de producto reconstituido. El SLM con la mediana más elevada de azúcar total (7,8 g/100 ml) fue procedente de Estados Unidos. En el año 2021 se registró el pico más alto de entrega de registros sanitarios (40,74%). Conclusiones: Los SLM superaron los niveles permitidos de azúcar en la totalidad de los productos en 2019, y en la gran mayoría de los de 2020 y 2021, por lo que deberían incluir una advertencia nutricional.
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