Dietary Fiber Intake, Gastrointestinal Symptoms, and Biochemical Parameters in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease on Hemodialysis: A Cross-Sectional Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12873/Keywords:
Chronic Kidney Disease, Hemodialysis, Dietary Fiber, Digestive Symptoms, BiomarkersAbstract
SUMMARY
Introduction: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing hemodialysis often exhibit low dietary fiber intake and a high prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms, which may affect their clinical parameters.
Objective: To analyze the relationship between dietary fiber intake, gastrointestinal symptoms, and biochemical markers in patients with CKD on hemodialysis.
Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 127 patients aged ≥18 years receiving continuous dialysis treatment. A validated food frequency questionnaire and a functional clinical form based on Rome IV criteria were applied. Serum levels of urea, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were retrieved from medical records. Associations were assessed using Spearman's correlation coefficient.
Results: The mean dietary fiber intake was 8.61 ± 6.20 g/day. A high frequency of intense gastrointestinal symptoms was observed, particularly altered stool consistency (81.10%), straining (74.02%), and bloating (48.03%). Biochemical markers showed markedly elevated levels: urea (102.9 ± 27.03 mg/dL), creatinine (7.79 ± 1.93 mg/dL), and BUN (48.08 ± 12.63 mg/dL). No significant correlations were found between fiber intake and gastrointestinal symptoms or biochemical markers. However, gastrointestinal symptoms were positively and significantly associated with urea (ρ = 0.885; p = 0.001) and BUN levels (ρ = 0.885; p = 0.001).
Discussion: Gastrointestinal symptoms were significantly related to nitrogenous waste accumulation markers, but not to fiber intake. This suggests that digestive symptomatology in hemodialysis patients may result from other pathophysiological mechanisms.
Conclusions: No associations were found between fiber intake and gastrointestinal symptoms or biochemical markers. The correlation between digestive symptoms and uremia indicates a clinically relevant link.
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