Consumption of fruits and vegetables associated with anthropometric profile and cardiovascular risk in adolescents from a private educational institution.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12873/453chalcoKeywords:
Nutrition; Vegetables; Weight; AdolescentsAbstract
Objective: To determine the association between fruit and vegetable consumption, anthropometric profile, and cardiovascular risk in adolescents attending a private educational institution.
Material and methods: The research design was non-experimental, quantitative, observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional. The sample consisted of 159 adolescents. Data collection was based on frequency of fruit and vegetable consumption. Anthropometric measurements of weight (kg), height (m), and waist circumference (cm) were performed. Fisher's exact test (fruit and vegetable consumption and cardiovascular risk) and Spearman's rho test were applied to associate fruit and vegetable consumption variables with anthropometric measurements, obtaining a significance level of 0.05.
Results: 81.1% of adolescents had a normal BMI, 26% were overweight, 81.1% were not at risk for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, while 15.1% were at high risk. Very low daily fruit and vegetable consumption was observed, with the most consumed fruits and vegetables during the week being: oranges, tangerines, apples, lettuce, carrots, onions, pickles, and tomatoes. Lower fruit and vegetable consumption led to a greater increase in waist circumference and BMI in adolescents (p<0.05). An association was also found between cardiovascular and metabolic risk and the intake of peaches, oranges, tangerines, apples, peaches, broccoli, caigua, onions, pickles, and squash (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The adolescents had a normal anthropometric nutritional diagnosis; however, their fruit and vegetable consumption was not varied in their diet, and they did not consume them daily. It is necessary to promote the consumption of fruits and vegetables in different culinary preparations in households, and educational institutions should also raise awareness about the importance of daily consumption of a variety of fruits and vegetables.
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