Análisis del estado nutricional en pacientes adultos mayores hospitalizados por COVID-19 en unidades de cuidados intensivos, Perú, 2020
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12873/441fernandezPalavras-chave:
COVID-19, Desnutrición, Anemia, Peso Corporal, Unidades de Cuidados IntensivosResumo
Introducción: El estado nutricional es un indicador del estado de salud y es un elemento de resistencia del organismo frente a enfermedades intercurrentes, incluyendo la COVID-19. Objetivo: Analizar el estado nutricional en pacientes adultos mayores hospitalizados en UCI diagnosticados de COVID-19. Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal entre los meses abril y mayo de 2020. Se determinó y comparó el estado nutricional de un grupo de 83 pacientes adultos mayores con COVID-19. Los datos fueron analizados mediante pruebas de Chi-cuadrado y t-student, considerando un nivel de significancia del 5%. Resultados: Aproximadamente el 42,2% de los pacientes presentaban exceso de peso corporal. La anemia (46,9% vs. 9,8%, p < 0,001) y el riesgo de sarcopenia (45,7% vs. 33,3%, p = 0,011) fueron mayores en las mujeres en comparación a los hombres que presentaban COVID-19. También, los niveles de urea fueron significativamente más bajos en los pacientes con desnutrición en comparación con aquellos que no presentaban desnutrición (37,9 mg/dL vs. 44,1 mg/dL, p = 0,020). Del mismo modo, se encontró que la concentración de leucocitos estuvo más baja en los pacientes con COVID-19 que presentaban desnutrición 9,6 WBC (x10g ^g/L), p = 0,002. Finalmente, los niveles de proteína c- reactiva (PCR) (37,9 mg/L, p = 0,015), transaminasa oxalacética (TGO) (61,08 U/L, p = 0,045) y transaminasa pirúvica (TGP) (37,14 U/L, p = 0,030) fueron significativamente más altos en los pacientes con desnutrición en comparación a aquellos sin desnutrición. Conclusion: El estado nutricional tiene un efecto considerable en los resultados clínicos de los pacientes con COVID-19. Por lo tanto, se deben implementar intervenciones nutricionales posteriores a este respecto, prestar especial atención tanto a la población anciana.
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